Adoptions: India - Revision history

Jyoti: /* 2015-24 */

2025-09-25T15:08:47Z

‎2015-24

Jyoti: /* 2011-16, year-wise */

2025-07-28T18:22:53Z

‎2011-16, year-wise

Jyoti: /* Gender-wise */

2024-07-22T17:38:37Z

‎Gender-wise

Pdewan at 21:07, 10 July 2024

2024-07-10T21:07:51Z

Jyoti: /* 2018: India vis-à-vis comparable countries */

2024-04-17T20:25:17Z

‎2018: India vis-à-vis comparable countries

Jyoti: /* 2015-24 */

2024-04-06T07:19:34Z

‎2015-24

Jyoti: /* HC: Biological mother has no right over child adopted by 2nd husband */

2024-04-05T18:36:49Z

‎HC: Biological mother has no right over child adopted by 2nd husband

Jyoti: /* Child once given for adoption cannot be taken back */

2024-03-07T20:40:11Z

‎Child once given for adoption cannot be taken back

Jyoti: /* Those who lost */

2024-03-07T20:39:53Z

‎Those who lost

Pdewan: /* 2018: India vis-à-vis comparable countries */

2023-05-11T07:38:11Z

‎2018: India vis-à-vis comparable countries

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  In 2022-23, the total number of adoptions stood at 3,441, up from 3,405 in the previous financial year. Data collated by Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA), under the ministry of women and child development, show that of the 4,009 adoptions in 2023-24, 449 were inter-country adoptions. This year, CARA expanded the ambit of adoption to include concept of ‘foster adoption’ as a category. So far, 10 children have been placed under foster adoption across the country, in keeping with the Adoption Regulations 2022. Moreover, CARA has also been focusing on expediting cases of relatives keen on taking an orphaned child in their family or prospective parents waiting to adopt their step children.
  As many as 412 children, adopted under in-country adoptions, figure in the category of ‘relative & step adoption’. Break-up of data on domestic adoptions shows that relatives and step parents in India adopted 311 and 101 children, respectively. Relatives (NRI/OCI) abroad adopted 18 children.
 A key factor contributing to increase in adoptions can be attributed to focus on promoting adoption within the country. One of the major shift under the law was that the power to pass an adoption order was given to district magistrate instead of court. Officials also point to simplification of adoption process to cut down delays.
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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 28 July 2025
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	Government sources said that the minister received dozens of complaints every day on the slow pace of adoption.		Government sources said that the minister received dozens of complaints every day on the slow pace of adoption.
		+
		+	==2015==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/adoptions-by-indians-down-by-25/articleshow/53446218.cms July 29, 2016: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	The number of adoptions by Indian citizens has declined by 25% over a recent period.
		+
		+	This decline is largely attributed to the lengthy and cumbersome adoption process via CARA (Central Adoption Resource Authority).
		+
		+	Potential adoptive parents face long waiting periods, extensive documentation, home visits, and interviews.
		+
		+	There are strict eligibility guidelines, including caps on combined parental age and restrictions around selecting specific attributes in a child (e.g., age, health, gender).
		+
		+	Many families find the bureaucracy so obstructive that they either give up, look for illegal routes, or opt for alternatives like surrogacy.
		+
		+	A persistent black market or illegal adoption networks continues to siphon off children, complicating the official system further.
		+
		+	The article notes the government’s attempts to reform the system (e.g. proposed draft legislation in the Juvenile Justice Act), but asserts adoption remains a lengthy and frustrating journey.
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		+	[[Category:India\|A ADOPTIONS: INDIAADOPTIONS: INDIAADOPTIONS: INDIA
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	==2016, state-wise==		==2016, state-wise==

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  While this does indicate that more couples are willingly adopting girls and shows a change in mindset, it also brings into focus the fact that many more girls tend to be abandoned at birth than boys. Hence, many more of them are likely to make it to the adoption pool and get adopted. This change in mindset has been visible for the past 8-10 years and remains consistent.
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-[[File: States with the highest number of adoption cases.jpg|States with the highest number of adoption cases; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=08_09_2016_002_021_011&type=P&artUrl=Surrogacy-rules-make-adoption-wait-longer-08092016002021&eid=31808 ''The Times of India''], September 8, 2016|frame|500px]]
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 =The law=
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 =Trends=
 ==2010-14: Trends==
 [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Govt-slams-agencies-for-slide-in-adoptions-21022015019005 ''The Times of India'']
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 '' 2018: The number of children adopted by the USA from China, India and other comparable countries. ''
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 = Who can adopt? =

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:19, 6 April 2024
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	A key factor contributing to increase in adoptions can be attributed to focus on promoting adoption within the country. One of the major shift under the law was that the power to pass an adoption order was given to district magistrate instead of court. Officials also point to simplification of adoption process to cut down delays.		A key factor contributing to increase in adoptions can be attributed to focus on promoting adoption within the country. One of the major shift under the law was that the power to pass an adoption order was given to district magistrate instead of court. Officials also point to simplification of adoption process to cut down delays.
		+
		+	==2021-2023: girls preferred and other trends==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=18_03_2024_008_012_cap_TOI Dhananjay Mahapatra, March 18, 2024: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	New Delhi: The traditional longing to adopt a male child among issueless couples under Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (HAMA) for a variety of reasons, including performance of last rites of parents, is undergoing an epic change as the number of adoptions in the last two years across India show a remarkable tilt of preference to adopt a girl child, and most surprisingly Punjab is leading the trend.
		+
		+	The statistics presented by the Union govt through additional solicitor general Aishwarya Bhati amply reflected the bucking of the trend which is as old as the vedic ages. While 10 states did not furnish data relating to adoptions under HAMA as directed by the SC on November 20 last year, the ASG presented the data put on record by 11 states which recorded a total of 15,486 adoptions in the period 2021-2023.
		+	Of the total adoptions recorded under HAMA, adoptive parents preferred to take home 9,474 girls as against adopting 6,012 boys. However, the preferred age of adopted children remained below six years of age, irrespective of their gender. The Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA) tabulation indicates that 69.4% of registered prospective adoptive parents (PAPs) opt for children in the age group of 0 to 2 years; 10.3% in the age group of 2 to 4 years; and 14.8% in the age group of 4 to 6 years. Punjab and Chandigarh have emerged as leaders in India's march towards gender equality, which from data appear to be accentuated in adoptions. Of a total 7,496 adoptions registered under HAMA in the state, 4,966 were girls and 2,530 were boys. In Union Territory of Chandigarh, of a total of 167 children adopted, 114 were girls.
		+
		+	Himachal Pradesh couples adopted 2,107 children (1,278 girls); Tamil Nadu 1,671 (985 girls); Delhi 1,056 (558 girls); Uttarakhand 685 (472 girls); Andhra Pradesh 1,415 (835 girls); Odisha 291 (165 girls); and, UP 122 (66 girls). While Telangana’s Hindu couples preferred adopting a male child (total 242, of which 48 were girls), in West Bengal couples reached the verge of bucking the trend (total 228, of which 112 were girls). However, Union govt, which compiled the data submitted by the states, placed the information with a caveat. “While some parents obtain adoption deed (under HAMA), which is a legal document formalising adoption, maximum do not choose to register the adoption document,” it said.
		+
		+	“Unlike some other adoption systems, HAMA does not impose a mandatory registration process, nor is there a centralised authoring overseeing or controlling these adoptions... Since there is no restriction on relations, adoptions amongst known Hindus is a fact and the variability in adherence to legal formalities reflect on the informal nature of HAMA adoption,” the Centre said.
		+
		+	CARA had informed court that as of Oct2023, as many as 2,146 children were available for adoption as against 30,669 PAPs registered.

	[[Category:India\|A ADOPTIONS: INDIAADOPTIONS: INDIA		[[Category:India\|A ADOPTIONS: INDIAADOPTIONS: INDIA

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:36, 5 April 2024
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	The minor through her mother then approached the HC, submitting that it is the right of a child as per the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to decide which parent he/she would like to live with. Hearing the petition, Justice Jain observed, “Even if it is presumed for the sake of arguments that the petitioner minor girl is the biological daughter of her mother, yet there is no dispute that the mother has given her daughter in adoption by way of an adoption deed.”		The minor through her mother then approached the HC, submitting that it is the right of a child as per the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to decide which parent he/she would like to live with. Hearing the petition, Justice Jain observed, “Even if it is presumed for the sake of arguments that the petitioner minor girl is the biological daughter of her mother, yet there is no dispute that the mother has given her daughter in adoption by way of an adoption deed.”
		+
		+	==2015-24==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=02_04_2024_009_004_cap_TOI Ambika Pandit, April 2, 2024: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: Adoption statistics in India 2015 – 24.jpg\| Adoption statistics in India 2015 – 24 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=02_04_2024_009_004_cap_TOI Ambika Pandit, April 2, 2024: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+	New Delhi: In a promising trend, adoptions have again reached pre-pandemic numbers. Govt data show that 4,009 children were adopted between April 2023 and March 2024 by families in India & abroad. The last time the number of adoptions (in-country & inter-country) crossed 4,000 was in 2018-19 when it touched 4,027. Also, in-country adoptions at 3,560 are the highest since 2015-16.
		+
		+	In 2022-23, the total number of adoptions stood at 3,441, up from 3,405 in the previous financial year. Data collated by Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA), under the ministry of women and child development, show that of the 4,009 adoptions in 2023-24, 449 were inter-country adoptions. This year, CARA expanded the ambit of adoption to include concept of ‘foster adoption’ as a category. So far, 10 children have been placed under foster adoption across the country, in keeping with the Adoption Regulations 2022. Moreover, CARA has also been focusing on expediting cases of relatives keen on taking an orphaned child in their family or prospective parents waiting to adopt their step children.
		+
		+	As many as 412 children, adopted under in-country adoptions, figure in the category of ‘relative & step adoption’. Break-up of data on domestic adoptions shows that relatives and step parents in India adopted 311 and 101 children, respectively. Relatives (NRI/OCI) abroad adopted 18 children.
		+
		+	A key factor contributing to increase in adoptions can be attributed to focus on promoting adoption within the country. One of the major shift under the law was that the power to pass an adoption order was given to district magistrate instead of court. Officials also point to simplification of adoption process to cut down delays.
		+
		+	[[Category:India\|A ADOPTIONS: INDIAADOPTIONS: INDIA
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	==Siblings can be separated during adoption with consent==		==Siblings can be separated during adoption with consent==

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:40, 7 March 2024
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	Jayashree had married in her teens and had given birth to the child in September 2014. Within a few months of the birth of the child, she filed a complaint of having been thrown out of her in-laws' house. The child was then handed over to an NGO and Jayashree was sent to a government home. A few months later, Jayashree was reunited with her husband and pleaded with authorities to get her child back.		Jayashree had married in her teens and had given birth to the child in September 2014. Within a few months of the birth of the child, she filed a complaint of having been thrown out of her in-laws' house. The child was then handed over to an NGO and Jayashree was sent to a government home. A few months later, Jayashree was reunited with her husband and pleaded with authorities to get her child back.
		+
		+	==Right to adopt child is not fundamental==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/right-to-adopt-child-is-not-fundamental-delhi-high-court/articleshow/107866625.cms February 21, 2024: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	''' ‘Right to adopt child is not fundamental’ '''
		+
		+	New Delhi : The right to adopt a child is not a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, Delhi High Court has said. The court added that prospective adoptive parents do not have any right to choose who to adopt. Justice Subramonium Prasad upheld a regulation mandating that couples with two or more children can only adopt children with special needs or those hard to place.
		+
		+	"The right to adopt cannot be raised to the status of a fundamental right within Article 21, nor can it be raised to a level granting PAPs the right to demand their choice of who to adopt. The adoption process entirety operates on the premise of welfare of children and, therefore, the rights flowing within the adoption framework does not place the rights of the PAPs at the forefront," the court said.
		+
		+	The court noted that there is a long queue for adoption and there were many childless couples and parents with one child who would adopt a "normal child" but the chances of a specially abled child being adopted are remote. The regulation, therefore, aims to ensure that more children with special needs get adopted.
		+	"The long wait for prospective parents, including those who are devoid of even one biological child, must be seen in the backdrop of a grave mismatch between the number of normal children available for adoption and the number of PAPs in expectation of adopting a normal child.... A balanced approach, therefore, ought to be welcomed," it said.
		+
		+	Several parents with two biological children wanted a third child and had petitioned. During pendency of their applications, the Adoption Rules, 2022, superseded the Adoption Regulations, 2017. Now, couples with two or more children can only opt for children with special needs or those hard to place children, unless they are relatives or stepchildren. TNN
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	==HC: Biological mother has no right over child adopted by 2<sup>nd</sup> husband==		==HC: Biological mother has no right over child adopted by 2<sup>nd</sup> husband==

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:38, 11 May 2023
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