http://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Forests%3A_IndiaForests: India - Revision history2026-06-17T03:15:17ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.19.2http://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=138499&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2021> 2023 */2025-12-04T21:26:12Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2021> 2023</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> “The entire belt of forests from Kashmir to Mizoram is uniquely sensitive alongside its fragile geological and tectonic diversity, apart from different climatic zones which thrive on forests, and need protection from felling,” Pathak cautioned. It is not all gloomy for the hill districts in the country though. Some hill districts in a few states, including Himalayan and coastal states and UTs, registered “gains in forest cover of 234 sq km”. These include Mizoram (241.7 sq km), J&K (83.5 sq km), HP (54.7 sq km), and Karnataka (54.68 sq km). Notably, the biennial report analysed forest cover across 172 mountain districts in 17 states and UTs.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> “The entire belt of forests from Kashmir to Mizoram is uniquely sensitive alongside its fragile geological and tectonic diversity, apart from different climatic zones which thrive on forests, and need protection from felling,” Pathak cautioned. It is not all gloomy for the hill districts in the country though. Some hill districts in a few states, including Himalayan and coastal states and UTs, registered “gains in forest cover of 234 sq km”. These include Mizoram (241.7 sq km), J&K (83.5 sq km), HP (54.7 sq km), and Karnataka (54.68 sq km). Notably, the biennial report analysed forest cover across 172 mountain districts in 17 states and UTs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2021-2022==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=26_09_2025_038_014_cap_TOI  Vishwa.Mohan, Sep 26, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New Delhi: India’s forest cover increased by merely 2.5% between 2010-11 and 2021-22, but the ‘very dense forest’ component of it grew by 22.7% during the period, indicating effective regeneration and conservation efforts, claimed the central govt’s first-ever dedicated publication on forest accounting. It recorded a decline only in the ‘moderately dense forest’ category.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Released on Thursday, the physical asset accounting showed that forest cover (very dense, moderately dense and open forest) increased from 6,97,898 sq km in 2010-11 to 7,15,342 in 2021-22, adding 17,444 sq km (2.5%) in 10 years.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> During the same 10-year period, ‘very dense forest’ (VDF) increased by 19,000 sq km (from 83,502 sq km in 201011 to 1,02,502 sq km in 2021-22), whereas ‘moderately dense forest’ (MDF) decreased by 11,071 sq km (from 3,18,745 sq km to 3,07,673 sq km). The increase was also reported in the ‘open forest’ category from 2,95,651 sq km to 3,05,167 sq km (3.2% increase).</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> All lands with tree canopy density of 70% and above come under VDF, whereas lands with tree canopy density of 40% and more but less than 70% are categorised as MDF. Similarly, all lands with tree canopy density of 10% and more but less than 40% come under the ‘open forest’ category. State-wise data shows the highest increase of 4,137 sq km in Kerala, followed by 3,122 sq km in Karnataka and 2,606 sq km in TN in the VDF category.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> The forest accounting was done by ministry of statistics and programme implementation adopting the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounts (SEEA) Framework which is an agreed international framework for the compilation of the environment economic accounts from 2018.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Besides accounting the forest physical asset, it also analysed the ‘forest condition’ showing the status of growing stock, carbon stock, economic value and status of regeneration. The publication claimed the condition of forests has improved in terms of biomass and carbon storage, with reduced severe degradation indicating better forest health. It, however, underlined that the “declining regeneration and rising fire risks” highlight vulnerabilities in forest conditions that need urgent attention.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=137732&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug */2025-09-11T10:28:52Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ERC's Terence Jorge said the recommended projects do not include 695.72 hectare forest land for limestone mining at Shedwai in Chandrapur district. “But this was done owing to legal complications and not considering the area which falls in the Tadoba-Kawal tiger corridor,“ he said.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ERC's Terence Jorge said the recommended projects do not include 695.72 hectare forest land for limestone mining at Shedwai in Chandrapur district. “But this was done owing to legal complications and not considering the area which falls in the Tadoba-Kawal tiger corridor,“ he said.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Flora|FFORESTS</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===2020- 25===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FORESTS: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/78000-ha-forest-land-diverted-for-non-forest-use-in-4-yrs-government/articleshow/123029927.cms  August 1, 2025</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:India<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FORESTS: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NEW DELHI</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The government informed Rajya Sabha that over 78,000 hectare of forest land was approved for diversion across </ins>India <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for non-forest use (various projects) in the past four years and the country undertook plantations in over 93.7 lakh hectare of land in the past five years under various schemes.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Nepal|F FORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FORESTS: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data shared by the environment ministry in response to a Parliament question showed that Madhya Pradesh accounted for the highest area of forest land approved for diversion at 17,393 hectare for various development projects, followed by Odisha (11,033 hectare), Arunachal Pradesh (6,561 hectare), Uttar Pradesh (5,480 hectare) and Chhattisgarh (4,092 hectare).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|FORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FORESTS: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In response to a separate question, ministry shared that Uttar Pradesh led the country by conducting plantations in over 23.5 lakh hectare from 2020-21 to 2024-25, followed by Telangana (15.5 lakh hectare) and Gujarat (11.4 lakh hectare).The other major contributors included Odisha (5 lakh hectare), Andhra Pradesh (5.9 lakh hectare), Rajasthan (3.8 lakh hectare) and Madhya Pradesh (4 lakh hectare).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Religion|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FORESTS: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Responding to the question, junior minister for environment Kirti Vardhan Singh in his response said the government is currently carrying out afforestation and tree plantation under the overarching theme of the 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' campaign launched on June 5, 2024.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The minister said afforestation is being implemented through existing schemes such as National Mission for Green India, Nagar Van Yojana, Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitat and Tangible Benefits, and Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (Campa), along with specific state-funded programmes.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=137598&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Are roadside trees part of forest?/ SC in 1996, 2021 */2025-08-25T20:10:13Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Are roadside trees part of forest?/ SC in 1996, 2021</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Shroff also raised an objection to Mehta appearing for DMRC, saying that there was a conflict of interest between the Centre and DMRC. Mehta, also appearing for the environment ministry, told the bench that the Centre was not against the project like Delhi government.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Shroff also raised an objection to Mehta appearing for DMRC, saying that there was a conflict of interest between the Centre and DMRC. Mehta, also appearing for the environment ministry, told the bench that the Centre was not against the project like Delhi government.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Haryana, 2025 definition==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=20_08_2025_007_001_cap_TOI  Ipsita Pati, August 21, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Forests as defined by the Supreme Court and, in 2025, by Haryana.jpg| Forests as defined by the Supreme Court and, in 2025, by Haryana <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=20_08_2025_007_001_cap_TOI  Ipsita Pati, August 21, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gurgaon : Haryana govt has, for the first time, codified what it considers “forest as per dictionary meaning”, laying the foundation for better implementation of environment laws that have been affected by ambiguity about this basic premise. But the state's definition is narrower than the frame of reference directed by Supreme Court in a 1996 ruling and contains riders that could leave out of the definition’s ambit large areas the same environment laws seek to protect.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> According to a notification issued on Aug 18 by the state’s forest, environment and wildlife department, land parcels of at least 5 hectares in isolation or two hectares of forests adjoining notified forests qualify as ‘forest’ if have minimum canopy density of 0.4, or 40% of the land in question. Effectively, this means that small patches of forests, Aravali hillocks with low density vegetation, scrublands, grasslands and community common lands will not be considered as ‘forests’.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> The state's criteria explicitly exclude linear, compact and agro-forestry plantations, and orchards beyond notified forest areas, regardless of their size or density. Examples of linear plantations are roadside green belts. Compact forests are smaller areas with dense greenery.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> “Governor of Haryana is pleased to define the expression ‘forest as per dictionary meaning’ for the state of Haryana as follows: A patch of land shall be deemed to be forest as per dictionary meaning if it fulfils the following conditions: Firstly, it has a minimum area of 5 hectares, if it is in isolation; and a minimum area of two hectares, if it is in contiguity with govt-notified forests. Secondly, it has a canopy density of 0.4 or more. Provided that, all linear/compact/agro-forestry plantations and orchards situated outside the govt-notified forests shall not be treated as forest under the above definition,” the notification signed by Anand Mohan Sharan, additional chief secretary (environment, forests and wildlife), read.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Haryana's definition, formed nearly six decades after the state came into existence, is narrower than the principle defined by Supreme Court in its landmark ruling in the 1996 TN Godavarman vs Union of India case.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> The apex court had said that forests must be recognised according to the ‘dictionary meaning of forest’ -- a criterion that means any area with characteristics of forests must be protected under the Forest (Conservation) Act, regardless of the land’s status in govt records. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This concept, which came to be known as ‘deemed forest’, widened the scope of FCA and allowed protection of all such green areas from urbanisation and deforestation.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Experts on Tuesday said the state’s definition would leave out a large chunk of Aravalis from getting the legal cover. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“This definition doesn’t even consider the ground realities that are unique to the state. Aravalis are majorly scrub forest and have a canopy density of 10% to 20%. This definition won’t even protect the habitat of Haryana’s state bird black francolin and state animal blackbuck because these species live in grasslands... This will only benefit the builder lobby,” said MD Sinha, retired conservator of forests, Haryana (south).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Forest analyst Chetan Agarwal, meanwhile, bashing the state’s definition, said:“It is a pity that Haryana has blindly followed the lead of states like Goa in choosing a minimum threshold of 40% forest canopy cover to identify an area as a deemed forest. At least in the Aravali hills, open forest with 10%-40% canopy cover and scrub (0-10% cover) categories should have been treated as forest as per dictionary meaning. This decision opens up the Aravalis to the ravages of urbanisation and mining.”</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Protecting the Aravalis is critical not just for the state, but most of north-west India. The ancient hill range is the only barrier that stops the Thar desert from expanding towards the plains. It is also home to a rich and unique diversity of flora and fauna The exercise to come up with a definition of forests as per dictionary meaning was ordered by Supreme Court, which on March 4 directed all states and union territories to identify forests to prevent the loss of green cover.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=136571&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Forest, definition of */2025-06-08T20:00:47Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Forest, definition of</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Forest, definition of=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Forest, definition of=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==‘Zudpi’ jungles in Vidarbha are forest land/ SC, 2025==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=23_05_2025_014_016_cap_TOI Dhananjay Mahapatra, May 23, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New Delhi : Supreme Court ruled that ‘zudpi’ jungles or shrub forests in six districts in Maharashtra’s Vidarbha region will be treated as forest land but said thousands of hectares of such land allotted for residential houses, agriculture, govt offices and public utilities prior to Dec 1996 would face no adverse consequence. However, the allotment of ‘zudpi’ jungle land for commercial purposes after Oct 25, 1980, would be treated as encroachment and removed, said a bench of CJI B R Gavai and A G Masih.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Writing the judgment, CJI Gavai said exempting residential houses, govt buildings and public utilities, which got land prior to Dec 1996, from removal is a one-time exception carved out in adherence with the concept of sustainable development and economic democracy as espoused by Dr B R Ambedkar in his speech in the Constituent Assembly.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> SC was concerned with ‘zudpi’ forest land in Nagpur, Wardha, Bandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts. CJI Gavai said the Maharashtra govt shall seek approval under Section 2 of the Forest Conservation Act for the deletion of such land from the ‘List of Forest Areas’.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> However, to compensate for the loss of these shrub forest lands, the bench said that ‘zudpi’ land will not be permitted to be used for compensatory afforestation unless there is a certificate of the chief secretary regarding non-availability of non-forest land for the purposes of afforestation. In such cases, compensatory afforestation must be carried out on double the area of ‘zudpi’ jungle land. It ordered the transfer of ‘zudpi’ land from the state revenue department to the state forest department.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> SC directed constitution of a special task force in each of the six districts, comprising SDM, Dy-SP, assistant conservator of forest and taluka inspector of land revenue, to remove encroachments on ‘zudpi’ jungles within two years.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Are roadside trees part of forest?/ SC in 1996, 2021==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Are roadside trees part of forest?/ SC in 1996, 2021==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/olive/odn/timesofindia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/11/12&entity=Ar00320&sk=770FB7BD&mode=text  AmitAnand Choudhary, Nov 12, 2021: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/olive/odn/timesofindia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/11/12&entity=Ar00320&sk=770FB7BD&mode=text  AmitAnand Choudhary, Nov 12, 2021: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Shroff also raised an objection to Mehta appearing for DMRC, saying that there was a conflict of interest between the Centre and DMRC. Mehta, also appearing for the environment ministry, told the bench that the Centre was not against the project like Delhi government.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Shroff also raised an objection to Mehta appearing for DMRC, saying that there was a conflict of interest between the Centre and DMRC. Mehta, also appearing for the environment ministry, told the bench that the Centre was not against the project like Delhi government.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=The forests of India, as in 1911=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=The forests of India, as in 1911=</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=134457&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2019> 2021 */2025-01-05T07:47:42Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2019> 2021</span></span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2021> 2023==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=22_12_2024_001_015_cap_TOI  Shivani Azad, Dec 22, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Tree cover in India, the best and worst performing states in India, 2021- 2023.jpg|Tree cover in India, the best and worst performing states in India: 2021> 2023 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=22_12_2024_001_015_cap_TOI  Shivani Azad, Dec 22, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dehradun : The total forest and tree cover in India stands at 8,27,357 sq km — or 25% of the country’s geographical area — shows the ‘India State of Forest Report’ released Saturday. This marked an increase of 1,445.8 sq km in 2023, compared to the last assessment done in 2021.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Of this area, total forest cover in the country spans 7,15,342.6 sq km (21.7%), while the tree cover is 1,12,014.3 sq km (3.4%), says the biennial report, prepared by Doon-based Forest Survey of India (FSI) based on interpretation of remote sensing satellite data and field-based inventory. The report was released by Union environment minister Bhupender Yadav at the Forest Research Institute here. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The National Forest Policy of 1988 says that at least 33% of the geographical area should be under forests to maintain ecological stability.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The report received a mixed response from ecologists and environmentalists, some of whom pointed out that increase in forest cover, particularly recorded forests, was meagre. FSI includes orchards and plantations in forest cover.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' MP leads states with largest green area, Arunachal 2nd '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The current assessment by FSI shows an increase of 156.4 sq km in forest cover in the country compared to 2021. This increase in forest cover is 7.2 sq km inside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) and 149.1 sq km outside, says the report. In all, there is a rise of 0.05% in forest cover.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Forest cover has been defined in the report as “all lands, over one hectare with a tree canopy density of more than or equal to 10% irrespective of ownership, legal status and land use”. As per the definition, such lands “may not necessarily be a recorded forest area and will include orchards, bamboo and palm plantations too”. Incidentally, between 2021 and 2023 surveys, Union govt had passed Forest (ConservationAmendment Act on Dec 1, 2023, which is alleged to have diluted the definition of ‘forest’. The report says there was a “loss of 1,234.9 sq km of moderately dense forests, 1,128.2 sq km of open forests, and an increase of 2,431.5 sq km of very dense forests”. The report further adds that there has been an increase of 1,289.4 sq km in tree cover in the past two years. Tree cover has been defined as “patches of trees and isolated trees outside Reserved Forest Area (RFA) that are less than one hectare”.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> In terms of states with the largest area under green cover, Madhya Pradesh (85,724 sq km) leads the list, followed by Arunachal Pradesh (67,083 sq km) and Maharashtra (65,383 sq km). The maximum increase in forest and tree cover has been observed in Chhattisgarh (683.62 sq km) followed by Uttar Pradesh (559 sq km), Odisha (558 sq km) and Rajasthan (394 sq km). The maximum decrease has been noticed in MP (612 sq km) followed by Karnataka (459 sq km), Ladakh (159 sq km) and Nagaland (125 sq km).</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The report points out, “States with maximum increase of forest cover inside RFA are Mizoram (192.9 sq km) followed by Odisha (118 sq km), Karnataka (93 sq km), West Bengal (64.7 sq km) and Jharkhand (52.7 sq km), whereas those with maximum decrease in forest cover inside RFA are Tripura (116.9 sq km), Telangana (105.8 sq km), Assam (86.6 sq km), AP (83.4 sq km) and Gujarat (61.2 sq km).”</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The forest cover in hill districts rose by 234 sq km, while the forest and tree cover decreased in the northeast. “The current assessment shows a decrease of forest cover of 327.3 sq km in the region,” it says.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “In the present assessment, the total carbon stock in the country’s forest is estimated to be 7,285.5 million tonnes. There is an increase of 81.5 million tonnes in the carbon stock compared to the last assessment,” Yadav said at the release of the report. “On the status of achievement of the target under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) related to carbon sequestration, the current assessment shows that India’s carbon stock has reached 30.4 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent, which indicates that compared to the base year of 2005, India has already reached 2.2 billion tonnes of additional carbon sink as against the target of 2.5 to 3.0 billion tonnes by 2030.”</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The report also highlighted that ecologically-sensitive landscapes were showing a worrying trend since there was a net decrease of 7.4 sq km in the country’s mangrove coverage, which includes natural disaster and hazard-resilient species of flora, while Western Ghats and Eastern States Area showed a “decadal dip in forest cover of 58.2 sq km”. “Very dense forest increased by 3,465 sq km, whereas moderately dense forest and open forest decreased by 1,043 sq km and 2,480 sq km respectively,” the report says.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Commenting on the findings, FSI’s director general (DG), Anoop Singh, said, “The report has many firsts. For the first time, forest cover change matrix — inside and outside forest areas — have been provided separately for clarity in analysis. Similarly, for the first time, divisionwise forest cover information has also been provided for states from where digitised division boundaries were received. In another first, trees between 5-10 cm have been included in the analysis for tree cover and growing stock as they are a major contributor to the paper and pulp industry. Bamboo cover has also been estimated, while agroforestry has been analysed separately as it accounts for 1,27,590 sq km of tree cover and 1,292 million cubic metres of growing stock and serves as a livelihood enhancer. It has gained further importance due to earning carbon credits in agroforestry.”</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The national mapping of forest cover was done across 751 districts this time, compared to 636 districts the last time, the DG added.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===Mountain states===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=23_12_2024_001_015_cap_TOI Shivani Azad, Dec 23, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dehradun : The latest India State of Forest Report (ISFR), which provides an assessment of the country’s green cover situation, has revealed a decline in forest cover in eight mountain states over the period between 2021 and 2023, with several northeastern states on the list.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Tripura recorded the largest loss of 95.3 sq km, followed by Arunachal Pradesh (-91 sq km), Assam (-79 sq km), Manipur (-54.8 sq km), Nagaland (-51.9 sq km), Meghalaya (-30 sq km), Uttarakhand (-22 sq km) and West Bengal (-2.4 sq km). ISFR further shows that in Uttarakhand, the decline of 22.9 sq km includes forest cover of Corbett, Rajaji and Kedarnath forest divisions, among other 21 forest divisions that saw a dip in forest cover in two years.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' Some dists in Mizoram, J&K, HP, K’taka saw green cover rise '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The report prepared by the Dehradun-based Forest Survey of India, while explaining the significance of forest cover for mountain districts, stated: “Forests in hill areas act as natural barriers to soil erosion and landslides as their root systems bind soil. They support biodiversity, sustain water sources and regulate microclimates. Besides providing environmental benefits, these forests impact local livelihoods and traditions.”</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Kumaon-based historian, environmentalist and Padma Shri awardee Shekhar Pathak, told TOI: “The Forest Policy of 1952 or The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 mentioned that all the mountain states should have at least 66% forest cover while other states should have 33% forests. But these laws have been diluted over the years, resulting in reduced forests in the ecologically sensitive mountain states.”</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Pathak added: “In both Himalayan and Western Ghats, natural ecosystems are fragile. And due to rising extremities of climate change, rapid urbanisation of mountains and increasing calamities, in the event of natural or man-made disasters, the destruction would be manifold. A new phenomenon of urban landslides can be seen everywhere — whether it is Shimla and Nainital or Darjeeling and Gangtok.”</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “The entire belt of forests from Kashmir to Mizoram is uniquely sensitive alongside its fragile geological and tectonic diversity, apart from different climatic zones which thrive on forests, and need protection from felling,” Pathak cautioned. It is not all gloomy for the hill districts in the country though. Some hill districts in a few states, including Himalayan and coastal states and UTs, registered “gains in forest cover of 234 sq km”. These include Mizoram (241.7 sq km), J&K (83.5 sq km), HP (54.7 sq km), and Karnataka (54.68 sq km). Notably, the biennial report analysed forest cover across 172 mountain districts in 17 states and UTs.</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=124891&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug */2023-04-24T20:11:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==The extent of the problem==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==The extent of the problem==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== 91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===2018- 23===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/89k-hectares-of-forest-land-diverted-for-development-projects-in-5-years/articleshow/99309089.cms  April 7, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NEW DELHI: India during the last five years diverted over 88,903 hectares of forest land — a size more than the area of Mumbai and Kolkata put together — for non-forestry purpose, with the highest of over 19,424 hectares being for road construction followed by 18,847 hectares for mining, 13,344 he ctares for irrigation projects, 9,469 hectares for transmission lines and 7,630 hectares for defence projects.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Responding to a Parliament question of BJP member Sushil Kumar Modi, junior environment minister Ashwini Kumar Choubey informed Rajya Sabha that the Centre allowed these diversions for various development works under the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act,1980.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The data shared by him for the five-year period (April 1, 2018 March 31, 2023) show that the Centre had taken decisions for diversions for over 25 kinds of projects/ works including those concerning railways (4,769 hectares), thermal power plants, solar power works and drinking water facilities among others.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“The term ‘forest cover’refers to all lands, more than one hectare in area with a tree canopy density of more than 10%, irrespective of ownership and legal status. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Such lands may not necessarily be a recorded forest area. It also includes orchards, bamboo and palm. All lands covered in the definition of forest cover have certain ecological or biodiversity value,” said Choubey in his written response. As per India State of Forest Report 2021, the area under ‘very dense forest’ is 87,742 sq km, while ‘moderately dense forest’ has an area of 2,39,564 sq km within the total ‘recorded forest area/green wash area’ of 7,38,373 sq km in the country. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The proportion of ‘very dense’ and ‘moderately dense’ forests within the total ‘recorded forest area’ of the country is 44. 33 %.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=92000-ha-of-forests-opened-up-09102017014040  Vijay Pinjarkar, 92,000 ha of forests opened up, October 9, 2017: The Times of India]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=92000-ha-of-forests-opened-up-09102017014040  Vijay Pinjarkar, 92,000 ha of forests opened up, October 9, 2017: The Times of India]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ERC's Terence Jorge said the recommended projects do not include 695.72 hectare forest land for limestone mining at Shedwai in Chandrapur district. “But this was done owing to legal complications and not considering the area which falls in the Tadoba-Kawal tiger corridor,“ he said.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ERC's Terence Jorge said the recommended projects do not include 695.72 hectare forest land for limestone mining at Shedwai in Chandrapur district. “But this was done owing to legal complications and not considering the area which falls in the Tadoba-Kawal tiger corridor,“ he said.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=124576&oldid=prevPdewan: /* 91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug */2023-04-07T15:25:29Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Compensatory afforestation under the FC Act must be undertaken on non-forest land in the same district where the forest was diverted for non-forestry purposes.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Compensatory afforestation under the FC Act must be undertaken on non-forest land in the same district where the forest was diverted for non-forestry purposes.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== 91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==The extent of the problem==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins>== 91,798 ha (918 sqkm) diverted: 2017, Jan-Aug<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=92000-ha-of-forests-opened-up-09102017014040  Vijay Pinjarkar, 92,000 ha of forests opened up, October 9, 2017: The Times of India]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=92000-ha-of-forests-opened-up-09102017014040  Vijay Pinjarkar, 92,000 ha of forests opened up, October 9, 2017: The Times of India]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ERC's Terence Jorge said the recommended projects do not include 695.72 hectare forest land for limestone mining at Shedwai in Chandrapur district. “But this was done owing to legal complications and not considering the area which falls in the Tadoba-Kawal tiger corridor,“ he said.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>ERC's Terence Jorge said the recommended projects do not include 695.72 hectare forest land for limestone mining at Shedwai in Chandrapur district. “But this was done owing to legal complications and not considering the area which falls in the Tadoba-Kawal tiger corridor,“ he said.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Encroachments=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Encroachments=</div></td></tr>
</table>Pdewanhttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=124307&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Forest fires */2023-03-26T19:24:53Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Forest fires</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>FORESTS: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>FORESTS: INDIA]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=Forest fires=</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Causes, incidence, 2019-20==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Forest fires in India, Causes, incidence, 2019-20.jpg| Forest fires in India, Causes, incidence, 2019-20 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F04%2F14&entity=Ar00402&sk=CEA980D8&mode=image  April 14, 2021: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''See graphic''':</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' Forest fires in India, Causes, incidence, 2019-20 ''</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|FFORESTS<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIAFORESTS</ins>: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIAFORESTS: INDIA</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Number of forest fires: 2013-16==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Number of forest fires in the country, 2013-April 2016, year-wise; State-wise figures in 2015.jpg|Number of forest fires in the country, 2013-April 2016, year-wise; State-wise figures in 2015; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=03_05_2016_015_005_013&type=P&artUrl=Ukhand-Fire-Largely-A-Man-made-Disaster-03052016015005&eid=31808 ''The Times of India''], May 2, 2016|frame|500px]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">See graphic, ' Number of forest fires in the country, 2013-April 2016, year-wise…  ' </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Number of forest fires: 2015-16==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Incidents of forest wires reported, 2015-16, state-wise.jpg|Incidents of forest fires reported, 2015-16, state-wise; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=ASTATOISTICS-2016-HAS-SEEN-MORE-THAN-20000-INCIDENTS-27042016010010 ''The Times of India''], April 27, 2016|frame|500px]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">See graphic, ' Incidents of forest fires reported, 2015-16, state-wise...  '</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2019-20==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F03%2F05&entity=Ar01809&sk=5076A4F0&mode=text  Shivani Azad & Ashok Pradhan, March 5, 2021: ''The Times of India'']</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It has been eight days since a fire broke out in Odisha’s Similipal biosphere reserve, affecting over 300 hectares of forests and home to the Bengal tiger and Asian elephant.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On Thursday, Odisha had the highest number of realtime fire alerts, at 154 locations, out of 650 across the country. It is in keeping with the larger pattern — latest Forest Survey of India (FSI) data accessed by TOI show forest fire alerts shot up across the country by 125% this year. Between November 2019 and January 2020, some 1,321 alerts were sent out. This year, 2,984 warnings were sent.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The highest number of alerts has been sounded in Uttarakhand (470, up from 39), followed by Odisha (353, up from 158) and Maharashtra (324, up from 163). “The numbers are high this year because of the dry season,” deputy director of FSI Sunil Chandra said. The head of forest forces in Himachal Pradesh, Savita, said: “It has been very dry this winter. We barely had any snowfall even in January and February.”</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“The unusual shift in fire season seems to be due to either climate change or greater human intervention in forests,” Arti Chaudhary of the Forest Research Institute said. In many states, forest authorities assigned blame to forest dwellers or questioned the data. “It is wrong to say Simlipal is burning. A spike in fire incidences were recorded on March 1 and 2 only,” said Shashi Paul, principal chief conservator of forests (wildlife), under whose jurisdiction Similipal lies.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Paul added: “Since February 15, tribals have been going into the forests to collect mahua and have been lighting fire under the trees.”</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2020- 2021 June==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=21_08_2022_020_009_cap_TOI  Shivani Azad, August 21, 2022: ''The Times of India'']</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dehradun:A surge in human activity in and around forests after Covid lockdown restrictions were eased led to an alltime record — 3. 5 lakh — forest fire alerts across India, says Forest Survey of India (FSI) data of the past four years. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> A staggering “3,45,989 fire alerts” were sent between November 2020 and June 2021 — a period when Covid restrictions were lifted in many states and human activities surged, soon to be followed by the second wave of the deadly Delta variant. The state of forest fire alert system by FSI was shared by officials a t a recent confer ence by Centre for Ecology Development and Research (CEDAR) on forest fires in Dehradun. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> In comparison, during the first wave, between November 2019 and June 2020, 1,24,473 forest fire alerts were recorded. And between November 2021 and June 2022, when the third wave of Covid struck, 2,23,333 fire alerts were recorded, similar to pre-pandemic times — 2,10,286 between November 2018 and Jun e 2019. In fact, winter fires had previously not been reported in Uttarakhand but it occurred during that time, perhaps due to surge in human activity after the end of the first lockdown. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The highest incidences in that duration took place in Odisha (51,968) followed by Mad- hya Pradesh (47,795), Chhattisgarh (38,106), Maharashtra (34,025), Jharkhand (21,713) and Uttarakhand (21,487). </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' So, what led to the sharp spike in fires during the second wave? ''' </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Experts attribute it to various biophysical reasons, including the restrictions imposed on forests during Covid first wave when strict lockdown was enforced. Spike in tourism and other economic activities are also among the main reasons. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“Movementof people inside forests was completely restricted after a natio nwide lockdown in the last week of March 2020. However, when restrictions were eased, it led to a sudden invasion of people into forests, setting stage for forest fires as the forest floor was full of dry leaves that are otherwise cleared by villagers for fodder or by forest department,” said senior ecologist SP Singh. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Interestingly, a study (Co- vid lockdown a window of opportunity to understand the role of human activity on forest fire incidences in western Himalayas) about the relationship between forest fires and anthropogenic pressure by IIT-Bombay and IIRS scientists during the lockdown period from March to May 2020 stated that “70% of the forest fires are directly related to tourism and other economic activities,” said Arijit Roy, senior scientist (IIRS Dehradu n) and co-author of the study at the conference. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Vishal Singh, director (research) of CEDAR, added, “Most of these fires are happening near roadsides which itself is indicative that these are inten tional fires, which are always more devastating than controlled ones. After the first wave of Covid, there was a sharp increase in tourism, and people were keen to venture out. And most of the time irresponsible tourism triggers such fires. ”</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>FORESTS: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>FORESTS: INDIA]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=124306&oldid=prevJyoti at 19:24, 26 March 20232023-03-26T19:24:31Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 19:24, 26 March 2023</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=See also=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=See also=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Forests: India]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Forests: India]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Forests:_India&diff=120823&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2019-20 */2022-09-11T19:40:34Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2019-20</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 19:40, 11 September 2022</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==2019-20==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==2019-20==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F03%2F05&entity=Ar01809&sk=5076A4F0&mode=text  Shivani Azad & Ashok Pradhan, March 5, 2021: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F03%2F05&entity=Ar01809&sk=5076A4F0&mode=text  Shivani Azad & Ashok Pradhan, March 5, 2021: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It has been eight days since a fire broke out in Odisha’s Similipal biosphere reserve, affecting over 300 hectares of forests and home to the Bengal tiger and Asian elephant.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It has been eight days since a fire broke out in Odisha’s Similipal biosphere reserve, affecting over 300 hectares of forests and home to the Bengal tiger and Asian elephant.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Paul added: “Since February 15, tribals have been going into the forests to collect mahua and have been lighting fire under the trees.”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Paul added: “Since February 15, tribals have been going into the forests to collect mahua and have been lighting fire under the trees.”</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Flora|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">F</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2020- 2021 June==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=21_08_2022_020_009_cap_TOI  Shivani Azad, August 21, 2022: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dehradun:A surge in human activity in and around forests after Covid lockdown restrictions were eased led to an alltime record — 3. 5 lakh — forest fire alerts across India, says Forest Survey of India (FSI) data of the past four years. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> A staggering “3,45,989 fire alerts” were sent between November 2020 and June 2021 — a period when Covid restrictions were lifted in many states and human activities surged, soon to be followed by the second wave of the deadly Delta variant. The state of forest fire alert system by FSI was shared by officials a t a recent confer ence by Centre for Ecology Development and Research (CEDAR) on forest fires in Dehradun. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> In comparison, during the first wave, between November 2019 and June 2020, 1,24,473 forest fire alerts were recorded. And between November 2021 and June 2022, when the third wave of Covid struck, 2,23,333 fire alerts were recorded, similar to pre-pandemic times — 2,10,286 between November 2018 and Jun e 2019. In fact, winter fires had previously not been reported in Uttarakhand but it occurred during that time, perhaps due to surge in human activity after the end of the first lockdown. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The highest incidences in that duration took place in Odisha (51,968) followed by Mad- hya Pradesh (47,795), Chhattisgarh (38,106), Maharashtra (34,025), Jharkhand (21,713) and Uttarakhand (21,487). </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' So, what led to the sharp spike in fires during the second wave? ''' </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Experts attribute it to various biophysical reasons, including the restrictions imposed on forests during Covid first wave when strict lockdown was enforced. Spike in tourism and other economic activities are also among the main reasons. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“Movementof people inside forests was completely restricted after a natio nwide lockdown in the last week of March 2020. However, when restrictions were eased, it led to a sudden invasion of people into forests, setting stage for forest fires as the forest floor was full of dry leaves that are otherwise cleared by villagers for fodder or by forest department,” said senior ecologist SP Singh. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Interestingly, a study (Co- vid lockdown a window of opportunity to understand the role of human activity on forest fire incidences in western Himalayas) about the relationship between forest fires and anthropogenic pressure by IIT-Bombay and IIRS scientists during the lockdown period from March to May 2020 stated that “70% of the forest fires are directly related to tourism and other economic activities,” said Arijit Roy, senior scientist (IIRS Dehradu n) and co-author of the study at the conference. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Vishal Singh, director (research) of CEDAR, added, “Most of these fires are happening near roadsides which itself is indicative that these are inten tional fires, which are always more devastating than controlled ones. After the first wave of Covid, there was a sharp increase in tourism, and people were keen to venture out. And most of the time irresponsible tourism triggers such fires. ”</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyoti