Health technology: India - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Vaccines */

2020-10-09T07:58:10Z

‎Vaccines

Jyoti: /* Organ- related technologies */

2018-12-17T07:26:17Z

‎Organ- related technologies

Jyoti: /* Organ- related technologies */

2018-12-06T19:08:54Z

‎Organ- related technologies

Pdewan: /* Organs- related technologies= */

2018-12-06T14:51:05Z

‎Organs- related technologies=

Pdewan at 13:58, 5 August 2017

2017-08-05T13:58:26Z

Show changes

Pdewan: /* First coronary artery graft, 1975 */

2017-08-05T13:42:14Z

‎First coronary artery graft, 1975

Pdewan: /* Coronary Bypass Surgery, 2002 */

2017-08-05T13:40:17Z

‎Coronary Bypass Surgery, 2002

Pdewan: /* No multiple checks for speedy organ transplant: HC */

2017-08-05T13:39:27Z

‎No multiple checks for speedy organ transplant: HC

Pdewan: /* First genetically-engineered vaccine */

2017-08-01T16:32:42Z

‎First genetically-engineered vaccine

Pdewan: /* DNA Fingerprinting */

2017-07-29T16:19:17Z

‎DNA Fingerprinting

@@ Line 160: / Line 160: @@
 LIFE GUARD
 ==Rotavac: first indigenously developed Rotavirus vaccine ==
-[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-41st-anniversary-science-technology-progress/1/834949.html India Today.in , Home Remedy “India Today” 15/12/2016]
+'''See graphic''':
-[[File: Rotavirus Vaccine , India Today .jpg| Rotavirus Vaccine , India Today |frame|500px]]
+''Rotavirus Vaccine''

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:26, 17 December 2018
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	=Organ- related technologies=		=Organ- related technologies=
		+	==1997: pig heart transplant, controversial==
		+	[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F12%2F16&entity=Ar00601&sk=827E452F&mode=text Naresh Mitra, In ’97, this Indian doctor tried pig heart transplant, was jailed, December 16, 2018: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+
		+	''Breakthrough In A Field That, 20 Years Ago, Caused A Scandal In India''
		+
		+	Some days ago, researchers from Germany, Sweden and Switzerland reported in the journal Nature that “modifications to a cross-species transplantation approach … for the first time has enabled baboons that received genetically modified pig hearts to survive for more than six months”.
		+
		+	Researchers at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany, led by transplantation researcher Bruno Reichart, replaced the hearts of five baboons with those from genetically engineered pigs. With this, human trials for inter-species transplants could finally be on the horizon.
		+
		+	At Sonapur, 20 km from Guwahati, Dr Dhani Ram Baruah sits in his office in the eponymous ‘Heart City’, a 50-acre campus he set up decades ago with his life’s savings. A Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and Physicians in the UK, Baruah is today mainly confined to the premises, two decades after being arrested for transplanting a pig heart to a human recipient in 1997.
		+
		+	Half a world away from Munich, Baruah is not surprised by the findings. “I was the pioneer,” he told TOI. “Whoever transplants a pig heart into a human now, I was the first to do it successfully with seven days’ survival. Xenotransplantation has a bright future if it goes in the right direction.”
		+
		+	Way back in 1997, Baruah had transplanted a pig’s heart into a 32-year-old man, Purno Saikia, who had a ventricular septal defect, or hole in the heart. With Baruah was an equally controversial Hong Kongbased cardiac surgeon, Dr Jonathan Ho Kei-Shing. Ho had his own run-in with the Chinese government in 1992, when he fit heart valves made from ox tissue — designed by Baruah — into human patients.
		+
		+	Saikia’s surgery, according to Baruah, lasted 15 hours. He died of multiple infections a week later. The survival period determined by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation for a xenotransplantation — the transplantation or infusion of any organ from one species to another — to be considered safe for human trial is 90 days.
		+
		+	Before Baruah, few surgeons had managed to xenotransplant organs into humans. The survival rates had always been abysmal and each attempt had stirred a hornet’s nest.
		+
		+	It was no different in Assam.
		+
		+	Both Baruah and Ho were arrested and charged under section 304 (culpable homicide not amounting to murder) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and section 18 of the Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994 (removal of human organ without authority). Besides, the Dr Dhaniram Heart Institute and Research Centre was found to have “neither applied for nor obtained registration” as required under the transplant laws.
		+
		+	The government alleged that the heart may not have been that of a pig — a claim that was later dismissed by Central Forensic Science Research Laboratory in Kolkata in June 1999. Baruah, now 68 years old, was released on bail after 40 days in jail.
		+
		+	He returned to find his clinic and lab gutted, his animal farm destroyed, and his water and power supply cut off. He spent the next 18 months under virtual house arrest. He then survived on rainwater and little food, and depended on the charity of friends and his wife, also a doctor in Glasgow.
		+
		+	When the controversy had erupted, Baruah was a heart surgeon of international standing. In the early-1980s, he was asked by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Assam chief minister Hiteshwar Saikia to set up an openheart surgery clinic in his home state. In 1989, he set up a facility in Mumbai to manufacture the patented Baruah heart valve, which has since been used on patients the world over.
		+
		+	After the controversy, public opinion and the media turned against him. Over nearly two years of being confined to the gutted campus, Baruah was subjected to taunts and abuse by residents of the area, who called him insane to his face. But the doctor carried on with his research.
		+
		+	In the years since, Baruah has surfaced continually with claims considered bizarre or path-breaking — depending on which side of the debate one is on. In 2008, he claimed to have developed a “genetically engineered” vaccine that would “correct” congenital heart defects. In 2011, he claimed to have found the “cure” for HIV by “stopping the amplification of micro-RNA”. Four years later, he announced he had successfully isolated biological molecules from medicinal plants in the Himalayan region, the Baruah Biological Combat Genes, which he said would act as “biological missiles” to “kill HIV”.
		+
		+	So where is Baruah investing his efforts now? “I have gone further ahead. I am making strides in applied human genetic engineering, with which the need for xenotransplantation itself will be reduced,” he said, wading into what could be yet another contentious territory. Meanwhile, he says patients continue to come to him for his “expertise”.
		+
		+	Dr Dhani Ram Baruah illegally conducted a pig heart transplant with a human recipient in 1997. The recipient survived for a week before dying from multiple infections. For his illegal procedure, Baruah was arrested and charged with homicide. He was released on bail after 40 days in jail.
		+
	==First transplant (liver)==		==First transplant (liver)==

@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 Even as the court appreciated the Delhi government’s stand that multiple checks were put in place to reduce chances of trafficking in human organs, it emphasized how this should not result in delays.
 “Merely because the authorities entertain doubts of commercial trade in human organs, is no reason for them to exercise power which under the Acts and rules hasn’t been vested with them. There are other remedies available for curtailing trade in human organs…” Justice Endlaw noted, faulting the department of health and family welfare of the state government for rejecting the NOC. The court said as far as grant of NOC is concerned, the authorities are requiredto ensure that the receiver of the organ has a legal and residential status in Delhi and is in need of the transplant.
 =Response Modifier Therapy, 2003=

@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 The pathfinding work promises to save huge sums incurred on immunosuppressants that patients have to take after the transplant.
-=Organs- related  technologies==
+=Organ- related  technologies=
 ==First transplant (liver)==
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 Even as the court appreciated the Delhi government’s stand that multiple checks were put in place to reduce chances of trafficking in human organs, it emphasized how this should not result in delays.
 “Merely because the authorities entertain doubts of commercial trade in human organs, is no reason for them to exercise power which under the Acts and rules hasn’t been vested with them. There are other remedies available for curtailing trade in human organs…” Justice Endlaw noted, faulting the department of health and family welfare of the state government for rejecting the NOC. The court said as far as grant of NOC is concerned, the authorities are requiredto ensure that the receiver of the organ has a legal and residential status in Delhi and is in need of the transplant.
 =Response Modifier Therapy, 2003=

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/ India Today] December 29, 2008
 ==First coronary artery graft, 1975==
@@ Line 23: / Line 26: @@
 PRODUCT OF LABOUR
-[[Category:India |H ]]
+A team of surgeons at the Wockhardt Hospital and Heart Institute, Bangalore, led by Vivek Jawali, performed the first minimal invasive coronary bypass surgery in 2002 without putting the patient under general anaesthesia or ventilator support. The 78-year-old patient, a smoker, had multiple complications including diabetes, renal problem and blockages in the carotid arteries supplying blood to the brain. His lungs were unable to tolerate general anaesthesia and the multiorgan dysfunction made him unfit for the heart lung machine.
-[[Category:Health |H ]]
 == Durga: India’s first test tube baby ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 5 August 2017
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	With continuous technological advancements, the Cath Lab is becoming more flexible and offering a variety of features not just for imaging the heart but also for other areas of the human body.		With continuous technological advancements, the Cath Lab is becoming more flexible and offering a variety of features not just for imaging the heart but also for other areas of the human body.
−
−	~~==Coronary Bypass Surgery, 2002==~~
−
−	A team of surgeons at the Wockhardt Hospital and Heart Institute, Bangalore, led by Vivek Jawali, performed the first minimal invasive coronary bypass surgery in 2002 without putting the patient under general anaesthesia or ventilator support. The 78-year-old patient, a smoker, had multiple complications including diabetes, renal problem and blockages in the carotid arteries supplying blood to the brain. His lungs were unable to tolerate general anaesthesia and the multiorgan dysfunction made him unfit for the heart lung machine.

	==Response Modifier Therapy, 2003==		==Response Modifier Therapy, 2003==

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 LINE OF SIGHT
-=No multiple checks for speedy organ transplant: HC=
+===No multiple checks for speedy organ transplant: HC===
 [http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2011/09/07&PageLabel=7&EntityId=Ar00701&ViewMode=HTML ''The Times of India''], Sep 7, 2011

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 1 August 2017
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	LIFE GUARD		LIFE GUARD
		+
		+	== Rotavac: first indigenously developed Rotavirus vaccine ==
		+
		+	[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-41st-anniversary-science-technology-progress/1/834949.html India Today.in , Home Remedy “India Today” 15/12/2016]
		+
		+	[[File: Rotavirus Vaccine , India Today .jpg\| Rotavirus Vaccine , India Today \|frame\|500px]]

	==Organ transplant==		==Organ transplant==

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 The first test tube baby in India-and the second one in the world-was born in Calcutta on October 3, 1978. At that time, Dr Subhash Mukhopadhyay claimed that Durga, the test-tube baby born under his care to Ms Bela Agrawal, at Belle View Nursing Home at 11:14 am was the first baby conceived via in-vitro fertilisation. This was just 67 days after the world's first test-tube baby, Marie Louise Brown, was born in the UK. Unfortunately, Dr Mukhopadhyay's claims were not believed by the scientific community, and he was subjected to both ridicule and institutional setbacks. After repeated failed attempts to convince his colleagues of his achievement, Dr Mukhopadhyay hanged himself on June 19, 1981. His story was later immortalised, in the 1991 film Ek Doctor Ki Maut. It was only in 2005 that his acheivement and contributions to science were recognised. Then, Durga-now known as Kanupriya Agarwal-exclaimed: "I am not a trophy but proud to be the living example of the work of a genius. Justice has been done to my scientific dad."
-= DNA Fingerprinting =
+== DNA Fingerprinting ==
 [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-41st-anniversary-science-technology-progress/1/834949.html India Today.in , A new kind of identification “India Today” 15/12/2016]