Higher Education, India: 1 - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Colleges in metropolitan cities */

2026-09-04T14:13:17Z

‎Colleges in metropolitan cities

Jyoti: /* City-wise: 2024 */

2026-04-16T12:05:37Z

‎City-wise: 2024

Jyoti: /* Private Universities */

2026-04-16T11:41:36Z

‎Private Universities

Jyoti: /* Court judgements */

2025-12-14T07:33:19Z

‎Court judgements

Pdewan: /* Admission of students to colleges */

2025-11-27T01:19:55Z

‎Admission of students to colleges

Pdewan: /* Autonomous colleges */

2025-07-18T14:10:10Z

‎Autonomous colleges

Pdewan: /* Autonomy */

2025-07-18T14:03:32Z

‎Autonomy

Show changes

Jyoti: /* Gross enrolment ratio, 2015-20 */

2025-06-19T19:07:39Z

‎Gross enrolment ratio, 2015-20

Jyoti: /* SC/ ST/ OBC students */

2025-06-19T19:05:14Z

‎SC/ ST/ OBC students

Jyoti: /* The spread of higher education */

2025-06-19T18:42:30Z

‎The spread of higher education

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 4 September 2026
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	'' Gender parity in colleges in Indian metropolitan cities, 2019 ''		'' Gender parity in colleges in Indian metropolitan cities, 2019 ''
		+
		+	==Higher, technical education==
		+	===2025===
		+	[[File: The enrolment of women in Institutes of higher learning, technical education- presumably as in 2025.jpg\|The enrolment of women in Institutes of higher learning, technical education: presumably as in 2025 <br/> From: [August 11, 2026: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	'''See graphic''':
		+
		+	'' The enrolment of women in Institutes of higher learning, technical education: presumably as in 2025 ''

	[[Category:Education\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1		[[Category:Education\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1

@@ Line 637: / Line 637: @@
 =Private colleges=
 ==City-wise: 2024==
 [[File: Private unaided colleges as a share of all colleges in Indian metropolitan cities, presumably as in 2024.jpg|Private unaided colleges as a share of all colleges in Indian metropolitan cities, presumably as in 2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=23_05_2025_004_008_cap_TOI  May 23, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

@@ Line 656: / Line 656: @@
 = Private Universities =
 ==2017==
 [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/india's-best-universities/story/20170626-jnu-jawaharlal-nehru-university-best-universities-986600-2017-06-19 Siddhartha Rai , Thinking minds “India Today” 26/6/2017]
-[[File: Top private .jpg| Top private [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/india's-best-universities/story/20170626-jnu-jawaharlal-nehru-university-best-universities-986600-2017-06-19 “India Today”] |frame|500px]]
+[[File: Top private .jpg| Top private universities, 2017 [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/india's-best-universities/story/20170626-jnu-jawaharlal-nehru-university-best-universities-986600-2017-06-19 “India Today”] |frame|500px]]
 [[Category:Education|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1

@@ Line 206: / Line 206: @@
 =Court judgements=
 ==Second attempts and gold medals==
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F01%2F29&entity=Ar00626&sk=358CFBBC&mode=text  HC: Varsity can’t deny gold for 2nd exam attempt, January 29, 2018: ''The Times of India'']
@@ Line 219: / Line 245: @@
 The petitioner wrote his examination in the two papers in 2014 and passed with flying colours. He graduated from the university with the highest score/ cumulative performance index (CPI) for his course i.e. 80.56. In February, 2016, the petitioner was shocked to learn that he was not being considered for the award of Gold Medal in spite of him having achieved the highest score in his course.
 =Cut-off marks=

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 [[Category: Government|H]]
 [[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary |H ]]
 =Admission of students to colleges=
 ==University can deny admission if all documents not produced: HC==
@@ Line 60: / Line 122: @@
 HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]
 [[Category:Pages with broken file links|HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
 HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:10, 18 July 2025
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	HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]		HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]

−	~~=Autonomous colleges=~~
−	~~==As of 2025==~~
−	~~[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=26_05_2025_015_003_cap_TOI Hemali Chhapia & Yogita Rao, TNN, May 26, 2025: ''The Times of India'']~~

−	[[File: Fees charged by aided and unaided colleges, presumably in Mumbai, 2025.jpg\|Fees charged by aided and unaided colleges, presumably in Mumbai, 2025 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=26_05_2025_015_003_cap_TOI Hemali Chhapia & Yogita Rao, TNN, May 26, 2025: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
−
−
−	Mumbai : About a decade ago, in a corner of the economics department at St Xavier’s College, someone scribbled a simple equation on the back of a cafeteria napkin. It was an attempt to put a price on knowledge—how much did a student really pay for each lecture? The answer was a jawdropping 65 paise.
−
−	A lecture in an aided course, back then, was cheaper than a cup of roadside chai. The govt chipped in; education was aided and affordable for all. But those days, like old college chalkboards, have faded into sepia. Fast forward to the past seven or eight years, and the campus landscape has changed.  The rise of unaided courses—marketed with sleek brochures as “innovative” and “industry-ready”—has rewritten the college catalogue.
−
−	These programmes come with a higher threshold for Class 12 scores, visiting faculty who carry the weight of boardrooms, and well-oiled placement machinery. Once rare and peripheral, these courses have now ballooned—spilling across timetables, drawing aspirants in hoards. But along with prestige and promise, they've brought price tags that make 65 paise sound like folklore, pushing many in the lower middle class to take a loan to pay fees.
−
−	Principals recall a quieter era, when govt aid paid for leaky roofs and crumbling staircases, & kept classrooms stocked with chalk. That changed with the slow, unceremonious withdrawal of maintenance grants. Vacant teaching posts —once filled with an air of urgency — began to gather dust. “Today, many institutions shuffle along with half their sanctioned faculty missing in action,” said a principal.
−
−	And then came the push. From being hand-held by the state, colleges were nudged into becoming “self-sustaining”. To stay afloat, colleges launched unaided courses, the academic equivalent of boutique ventures. Visiting faculty and industry professionals were brought in; their honorariums, one principal admitted, were anything but modest. Full-time faculty for these programmes, too, came with steeper bills. And since the state had bowed out of the financial equation, students were left footing it.
−
−	And this, she said, “led to a caste system”, a college within the college. “Soon after, parents started rejecting ‘plain’ commerce and ‘plain’ science,” she explained further. “A student with 38% came and asked for admission in business analytics. I was shocked and asked if he would be able to cope, but the parent and child had lost faith in the old courses.” A shift in parental psyche accompanied the fee spike. “Parents would ask again and again—‘Did you say Rs 445 a month?’ as if we had it wrong,” recalled another principal. “They were used to paying lakhs in school and couldn’t believe college could cost less.”
−
−	Yet, somewhere in this price-value spiral, perspective got misplaced. Students and parents felt “innovative” courses were better than the regular commerce and science programme. “Many of our top CEOs studied ‘regular’ commerce. Scientists like Jayant Narlikar studied plain science with physics,” said a principal. “The course didn’t make them. They made the course.”
−
−	But few understand. “They look at the price and attach a value to it.” This preference for polish extends beyond pedagogy. “Students come scouting for amenities —Wi-Fi speed, smart boards, the works,” another college head said, half amused. He cited a sports management course with a Rs 2 lakh price tag. “We built a world-class artificial turf. We tied up with a professional agency. That infrastructure needs money.”
−
−	At a well-known college, students in management programmes receive Harvard case studies and have access to recorded lectures. “Even though we’re an aided college, the govt only pays half the staff salaries. The rest is managed through self-financed courses,” said the principal. “And junior college fees? Just a few hundred rupees.”
−
−	Still, not all that glitters is academic gold. “The fees must reflect value,” said a senior administrator. In the new campus economy, where chalk is replaced by touchscreen, and trust by transaction, one truth endures: The soul of education isn’t in the amenities or the innovative taglines of courses, but in what students take away when the Wi-Fi disconnects.
−
−	~~===Colleges in the major cities, 2024===~~
−	[[File: The number of colleges in India’s Metropolitan Cities, city-wise, presumably as in 2024.jpg\|The number of colleges in India’s Metropolitan Cities, city-wise, presumably as in 2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=02_06_2025_002_007_cap_TOI June 2, 2025: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
−
−	~~'''See graphic''':~~
−
−	~~'' The number of colleges in India’s Metropolitan Cities, city-wise, presumably as in 2024 ''~~

	[[Category:Education\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1		[[Category:Education\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1

@@ Line 1,463: / Line 1,463: @@
 The enrolment in higher education stands at 3.9 crore in 2019-20 as compared to 3.7 crore in 2018-19, registering a growth of nearly 11.5 lakh (3%). Total enrolment was 3.4 crore in 2014-15. GER of students belonging to the eligible age group enrolled in higher education in 2019-20 is 27.1% against 26.3% in 2018-19 and 24.3% in 2014-2015. Gender Parity Index (GPI) has increased during the last five years, from 0.9 in 2015- 16 to 1.01, which is a socioeconomic index usually designed to measure the relative access to education of males and females. Education minister Ramesh Pokhriyal said the government’s focus on education of girls, women empowerment and empowerment of socially backward classes are well reflected by the increased participation of women, SCs and STs in higher education. “We have noted a growth of educational institutes in India, ” he said.
-[[Category:Education|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
+==SC/ ST/ OBC students==
-HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]
+===Enrolment, city-wise, 2019===
-[[Category:Government|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
+[[File: The Enrolment of SC, ST, OBC students In the major Indian cities, 2019.jpg|The Enrolment of SC/ ST/ OBC students In the major Indian cities,  2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=11_06_2025_002_003_cap_TOI  June 11, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
-HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]
-[[Category:India|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
+'''See graphic''':
-HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]
-[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|H HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
+'' The Enrolment of SC/ ST/ OBC students In the major Indian cities,  2019 ''
-HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]
-[[Category:Pages with broken file links|HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
+[[Category:Education|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
 HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 19 June 2025
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	Chennai clocks in at number 53, with about 24% of its population graduates or above, Kolkata at 79 with 22%, and Greater Mumbai at 192 with about 19% graduates and above. At the very bottom of the ranking are small towns, mostly with industrial populations. The five cities with the least number of graduates are Jamuria and Dabgram, suburbs of Asansol and Siliguri, respectively , in West Bengal, and Bhiwandi (Maharashtra), Loni (UP) and Botad (Gujarat), all industrial townships. Loni is on the outskirts of Delhi.		Chennai clocks in at number 53, with about 24% of its population graduates or above, Kolkata at 79 with 22%, and Greater Mumbai at 192 with about 19% graduates and above. At the very bottom of the ranking are small towns, mostly with industrial populations. The five cities with the least number of graduates are Jamuria and Dabgram, suburbs of Asansol and Siliguri, respectively , in West Bengal, and Bhiwandi (Maharashtra), Loni (UP) and Botad (Gujarat), all industrial townships. Loni is on the outskirts of Delhi.

−	~~==SC/ ST/ OBC students==~~
−	~~===Enrolment, city-wise, 2019===~~
−	[[File: The Enrolment of SC, ST, OBC students In the major Indian cities, 2019.jpg\|The Enrolment of SC/ ST/ OBC students In the major Indian cities, 2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=11_06_2025_002_003_cap_TOI June 11, 2025: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]

−	~~'''See graphic''':~~
−
−	~~'' The Enrolment of SC/ ST/ OBC students In the major Indian cities, 2019 ''~~

		+	[[Category:Education\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
		+	HIGHER EDUCATION, IN]]
		+	[[Category:Government\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
		+	HIGHER EDUCATION, IN]]
		+	[[Category:India\|HHIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
		+	HIGHER EDUCATION, IN]]
		+	[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary\|H HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
		+	HIGHER EDUCATION, I]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1
		+	HIGHER EDUCATION, INDIA: 1]]

	=The spread of higher education=		=The spread of higher education=

@@ Line 1,820: / Line 1,820: @@
 Chennai clocks in at number 53, with about 24% of its population graduates or above, Kolkata at 79 with 22%, and Greater Mumbai at 192 with about 19% graduates and above. At the very bottom of the ranking are small towns, mostly with industrial populations. The five cities with the least number of graduates are Jamuria and Dabgram, suburbs of Asansol and Siliguri, respectively , in West Bengal, and Bhiwandi (Maharashtra), Loni (UP) and Botad (Gujarat), all industrial townships. Loni is on the outskirts of Delhi.
 =The spread of higher education=
-== Bengaluru district: villages without graduates ==
+==Bengaluru district: villages without graduates ==
 [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/104-areas-in-bengaluru-have-zero-graduates/articleshow/60057178.cms  Kumaran P, 104 areas in Bengaluru have zero graduates , Aug 14, 2017: The Times of India]
@@ Line 1,845: / Line 1,854: @@
 So, as the collegiate department begins to take its own count, it has broadly chalked out its plans to remedy the situation.
 =Trends=