Minerals: India - Revision history

Pdewan: /* See also */

2024-07-26T22:28:39Z

‎See also

Pdewan at 22:25, 26 July 2024

2024-07-26T22:25:49Z

Jyoti: /* Minerals */

2023-07-15T19:09:41Z

‎Minerals

Jyoti: /* Minerals */

2023-07-15T19:08:19Z

‎Minerals

Pdewan at 16:11, 17 July 2017

2017-07-17T16:11:32Z

Pdewan: /* Important Features of National Mineral Policy, 2008 */

2017-03-29T08:59:57Z

‎Important Features of National Mineral Policy, 2008

Pdewan at 08:54, 29 March 2017

2017-03-29T08:54:07Z

Pdewan: Pdewan moved page Minerals to Minerals: India

2013-12-20T20:27:23Z

Pdewan moved page Minerals to Minerals: India

Pdewan: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official
publication. Therefore, it has been ‘lo..."

2013-12-20T20:26:27Z

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This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official <br/>publication. Therefore, it has been ‘locked’ and will never be <br/> thrown open to readers to edit or comment on.<br/>

After the formal launch of their online archival encyclopædia, <br/> readers who wish to update or add further details can do so on <br/> a ‘Part II’ of this article. </div>
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[[Category:India|M]]
[[Category: Economy-Industry-Resources |M]]
[[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
[[Category:Name|Alphabet]]

==The source of this article==
''' INDIA 2012 '''

A REFERENCE ANNUAL

'' Compiled by ''

RESEARCH, REFERENCE AND TRAINING DIVISION

PUBLICATIONS DIVISION

MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
=Minerals=

Ministry of Mines is responsible for survey and exploration of all minerals, other
than natural gases, petroleum and atomic minerals, for mining and metallurgy of
non-ferrous metals like aluminium, copper, zinc, lead, gold, nickel etc. and for
administration of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 in
respect of all mines and minerals other than coal, natural gas and petroleum.

==Geological Context==

Geologically India is divided into-

The Indian Peninsula (shield) comprising 1.9 million sq km

The Indo-Gangetic Alluvial plains comprising 0.5 million sq km

The Extra - Peninsula (Himalaya) comprising 0.7 million sq km.

The Indian Peninsula covers the area south of the Vindhyas, and the region is a
plateau formed by the survival of the harder rocks, resistant to weathering. The
region is made of stable and strong rock formations. The stratigraphic units are the
Archaean Rocks (Dharwar and post-Dharwar). the Purana Group of Proterozoic
rocks (Cuddapah and Vindhyan systems) the Gondwana sequence of Paleozoic and
Mesozoic rocks and the Deccan Traps of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic era. Archaean rocks
occupy two-thirds of the Peninsula spread over Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chattisgarh and Jharkhand and in a narrow tract extending
from northern Gujarat into Rajasthan, forming some part of the Aravalli mountain
range, as well in the Shillong plateau. Archaean rocks are the store house of mineral
wealth, and except for coal, oil, gas and a few other mineral deposits, all our mineral
wealth are in the Archaean areas.

The Cuddapah System of Purana rocks mainly comprise quartzite, limestone
and slate and the Vindhyan system mainly comprises sandstones and shales with
limestones with diamondiferous conglomerates. The Gondwana sequence of massive
sedimentary rocks in linear tracts along Narmada-Son-Damodar alignment, along
Mahanadi and along Godavari (and other outcrops) holds much of the coal reserves
of the country. The offshore regions of some of these rivers are storehouses of gas
and oil.

The Deccan Trap consisting of basaltic flows through long and narrow
fissures and at places eruptive volcanoes resulted in formation of lava spread over
some 15 lakh sq km, mainly in Gujarat (Kachchh), Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The lava sheets have a thickness of nearly 2000 m
in the western Ghats. The Trap rocks are good for building stones. road metal etc.,
though weathering of high grade basalts result in lateritic deposits at many places.

The Indo Gangetic plains stretching from Sindh (Pakistan) and Punjab in the
west to Bengal and Assam in the east consist of alluvium of Recent (Quaternary)
origin with a thickness of 1500 - 6000 m lying over older formations. Because they
were created during uplift of the Himalaya and that the Himalaya is actively being
eroded by many energetic rivers, this area is of geological interest from point of
view of seismicity, its hydrology and natural hazards.

The Extra Peninsula region comprises the mountain chains of Baluchistan
(Pakistan) to the Himalaya to Arakan Yoma (Myanmar). Being of recent origin and
tectonically active the area is unstable, and barring a few areas of older rocks, usually
consists of marine sedimentary rocks of the Cambrian to Cretaceous times in the
inner areas. The sediments of the outer Himalaya (Shivaliks) being freshwater
sediments are of geological importance because the Tertiary rocks of freshwater
sedimentary origin may contain reserves of petroleum, seeing that similar rocks of
Assam, Gujarat, Cambay and off shore areas have yielded results.

==Mineral Legislation==

India is richly endowed with many minerals. Under the Constitution, mineral rights
and the administration of mining laws are vested in the respective State
Governments. The Central Government, however, regulates the development of
mines and minerals under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation)
Act, 1957 and the rules framed thereunder. The MMDR Act 1957 came into force on
1.6.1958 and a number of amendments have been carried out in 1972, 1986, 1994
and 1999.

This statute empowers the Central Government to formulate rules for (a)
the grant, renewal, etc. of reconnaissance permits, prospecting licences and mining
leases for major minerals viz. Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, framed under Section
13 of MMDR Act 1957; and the conservation and development of minerals, (viz.
Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 framed under the Section 18
of the MMDR Act. 1957 for major minerals. These Rules are not applicable to atomic,
fuel and minor minerals. Powers are vested under Section 15 of the above said Act,
to the respective State Governments to frame Minor Mineral Concession Rules. And
accordingly all State Governments and some Union Territories have framed their
own Rules.

The Granite Conservation and Development Rules, 1999 and Marble
Development and Conservation Rules 2002 are also framed under Section of 18 of
the MMDR Act, 1957 for conservation and systematic development of granite and
marble resources in the country, respectively.

==Important Features of National Mineral Policy, 2008==

As a sequel to the recommendations of the Hoda Committee which was constituted
by the Planning Commission to review the National Mineral Policy, a New National
Mineral Policy, 2008 was approved by the Government. The policy advocates:-

(i) use of State-of-the-art technology for exploration;

(ii) zero waste mining;

(iii) development of capital market structures to attract risk investment into
survey and prospecting;

(iv) Transparency in allocation of concessions;

(v) auction of ore bodies prospected at public expense

(vi) Independent Mining Administrative Tribunal;

(vii) a framework of sustainable development to take care of biodiversity issues
etc.

A draft Bill to replace the existing MMDR Act is under consideration of the
Government and consultation process with Stakeholders including State
Governments and Industry is under way.

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 Governments and Industry is under way.
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 MINERALS: INDIA]]
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 Government and consultation process with Stakeholders including State
 Governments and Industry is under way.
 =See also=
 [[Minerals: India]]

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		+
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-[[File: India's production of principal minerals and metals, 2013.jpg|India's production of principal minerals and metals, 2013; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=22_06_2016_008_073_002&type=P&artUrl=STATOISTICS-22062016008073&eid=31808 ''The Times of India''], June 22, 2016|frame|500px]]
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 After the formal launch of their online archival encyclopædia, <br/> readers who wish to update or add further details can do so on <br/> a ‘Part II’ of this article.  </div>
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-==The source of this article==
 ''' INDIA 2012 '''
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 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
 =Minerals=
 Ministry of Mines is responsible for survey and exploration of all minerals, other
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 [[Sand mining: India]]

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 ==The source of this article==

Minerals: India - Revision history

Pdewan: /* See also */

Pdewan at 22:25, 26 July 2024

Jyoti: /* Minerals */

Jyoti: /* Minerals */

Pdewan at 16:11, 17 July 2017

Pdewan: /* Important Features of National Mineral Policy, 2008 */

Pdewan at 08:54, 29 March 2017

Pdewan: Pdewan moved page Minerals to Minerals: India

Pdewan: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"| This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official publication. Therefore, it has been ‘lo..."

Pdewan: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official
publication. Therefore, it has been ‘lo..."