Monsoons: India - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Delhi */

2025-12-04T20:39:37Z

‎Delhi

Jyoti: /* India: Back-to-back, ‘above normal’ monsoon after 1958-59 */

2025-10-22T12:27:14Z

‎India: Back-to-back, ‘above normal’ monsoon after 1958-59

Jyoti: /* Monsoons in Mumbai */

2025-09-25T15:13:49Z

‎Monsoons in Mumbai

Jyoti: /* Monsoons in Mumbai */

2025-09-24T12:22:29Z

‎Monsoons in Mumbai

Pdewan at 09:25, 21 September 2025

2025-09-21T09:25:06Z

Pdewan: /* Monsoons in Punjab, Haryana */

2025-09-20T10:38:30Z

‎Monsoons in Punjab, Haryana

Pdewan: /* Monsoons in Mumbai */

2025-09-20T10:26:12Z

‎Monsoons in Mumbai

Jyoti: /* 2007-12 */

2025-07-07T18:04:02Z

‎2007-12

Jyoti: /* 2023: 4 days late */

2024-12-28T17:59:48Z

‎2023: 4 days late

Jyoti: /* Overall performance */

2024-12-27T17:41:10Z

‎Overall performance

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 ==Delhi==
 ===2010-19===
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2019/10/11&entity=Ar00905&sk=727F6A5B&mode=text  Jasjeev Gandhiok, Oct 11, 2019: ''The Times of India'']
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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 22 October 2025
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	Though India had recorded deficit rainfall in July, the surplus rains in June, August and September helped in the country recording an all-time high acreage. Based on it, the agriculture ministry has set a record target of 301 million tonnes of foodgrains for the 2020-21 crop year. The monsoon started retreating from western parts of north-west India on September 28 against the normal withdrawal date of September 17. As on Thursday, the south-west monsoon had withdrawn from Punjab, western Himalayan region, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and parts of Rajasthan and some parts of Uttar Pradesh.		Though India had recorded deficit rainfall in July, the surplus rains in June, August and September helped in the country recording an all-time high acreage. Based on it, the agriculture ministry has set a record target of 301 million tonnes of foodgrains for the 2020-21 crop year. The monsoon started retreating from western parts of north-west India on September 28 against the normal withdrawal date of September 17. As on Thursday, the south-west monsoon had withdrawn from Punjab, western Himalayan region, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and parts of Rajasthan and some parts of Uttar Pradesh.

		+	==1988-2025==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=05_09_2025_020_004_cap_TOI Sep 5, 2025: ''The Times of India'']

		+	[[File: The Wettest monsoons in North India, 1988-2025.jpg\|The Wettest monsoons in North India, 1988-2025 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=05_09_2025_020_004_cap_TOI Sep 5, 2025: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	North India, a region meteorologically known as northwest India, has received 691.7mm of rain in the monsoon season (since June 1) so far, nearly 37% higher than normal. Even if the region gets normal rainfall for rest of the season, which ends on Sept 30, the total is likely to cross 750mm. That will put this season’s rainfall as second-highest in north India in last 50 years, behind 813.5mm recorded in 1988 and ahead of 737mm logged in 1994.
		+
		+	During the past two weeks of weather fury, the region’s total monsoon rainfall surplus climbed steeply from 11.6% on Aug 22 to nearly 37% on Thursday. Across a large region such as north India, the mean daily rainfall to sustain such high levels for two weeks is rare. So, what caused this prolonged spell of intense rain? “This period saw a rare instance of back-to-back spells of two-system interactions, that is, a ‘western disturbance’ bringing moist wind flows from regions close to the Mediterranean Sea converging with monsoon winds from the east. The first such interaction took place from Aug 23 to 27, and then another one began on Aug 29 and is expected to last till Friday,” said Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, IMD chief.  Such interactions are known to unleash very heavy rainfall and cloudbursts in the western Himalayan states, the most devastating example being Kedarnath deluge in June 2013. While such two-system convergences are uncommon in the peak monsoon period of July-Aug, back-to-back occurrences are extremely rare.
		+
		+	Except for east UP, the twoweek spell caused extreme rain in all sub-divisions of northwest India. Punjab was most heavily impacted, logging 388% surplus rain in the first week and 454% in the second. In the past week ending Sept 3, the subdivision of Haryana, Delhi and Chandigarh recorded 325% excess rainfall, Himachal Pradesh 314%, west Rajasthan 285%, J&K 240% and Uttarakhand 190%.
		+
		+	''' Battered North India logs its rainiest 2-wk period in 14 yrs '''
		+
		+	'' On Course For Wettest Monsoon Since 1988 ''
		+
		+	New Delhi: Rain-battered north India just experienced its wettest two-week period in at least the past 14 years, available IMD records since 2012 reveal. From Aug 22 to Sept 4, the region logged nearly 3x of normal rainfall, triggering extreme weather fury in nearly all parts of the region — including cloudbursts on the Vaishno Devi route in J&K, worst-in-decades floods in Punjab, the third highest recorded levels of the Yamuna in Delhi and widespread landslides in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
		+
		+	North India recorded 205.3mm of rain in these 14 days against a normal of 73.1mm, accounting for 35% of the region’s usual quota for the entire four-month monsoon season. The intense spell has put the region on course to registering its wettest monsoon in 37 years since 1988.
		+
		+	[[Category:Climate/Meteorology\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
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		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
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	== Driest, wettest cities of India: Jun-Aug==		== Driest, wettest cities of India: Jun-Aug==

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 =Monsoons in Mumbai=
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 As a result, clouds are observed more towards the suburbs whenever there is a weather system over central India. “Hills influence weather and the Konkan belt is a perfect example of orographic enhancement of rainfall (orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain). In Mumbai’s case, hills such as those within the national park, although not as high as in the Western Ghats proper, massively enhance rainfall in the suburbs,” said Akshay Deoras, an independent meteorologist and doctoral student at the University of Reading, UK. “Enhancement is often visible when suburbs’ seasonal or sub-seasonal rainfall is compared to that of south Mumbai, which mostly has a flat terrain.”
 =Monsoons in North India=

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-= Monsoons in Mumbai=
+=Monsoons in Mumbai=
-== ‘Extremely heavy’ rain days==
+==‘Extremely heavy’ rain days==
 ===2009-19===
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIM/2019/09/29&entity=Ar01401&sk=1355AC52&mode=text  Richa Pinto , Sep 29, 2019: ''The Times of India'']
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 As a result, clouds are observed more towards the suburbs whenever there is a weather system over central India. “Hills influence weather and the Konkan belt is a perfect example of orographic enhancement of rainfall (orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain). In Mumbai’s case, hills such as those within the national park, although not as high as in the Western Ghats proper, massively enhance rainfall in the suburbs,” said Akshay Deoras, an independent meteorologist and doctoral student at the University of Reading, UK. “Enhancement is often visible when suburbs’ seasonal or sub-seasonal rainfall is compared to that of south Mumbai, which mostly has a flat terrain.”
 =Monsoons in Punjab, Haryana=

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 "In the four regions of the country, the maximum premonsoon rainfall deficiency has been witnessed in the southern peninsula (-48% ), followed by northwest India (-29%), Central India (-17%) and east and northeast India (-12%). Parts of north Rajasthan, northern and central MP, southern UP, southern Punjab and Haryana, had good rains,” Anupam Kashyapi from IMD, Pune, said.
-The city recorded as many as five “extremely heavy” rain days this monsoon, when over 200mm of downpour lashed the city within a 24-hour span and disrupted daily life. The numbers are worrisome—and worthy of Swedish 16-year-old climate activist Greta Thunberg’s attention when one considers that the eight preceding “extremely heavy” rain days occurred over a stretchedout period of a decade, from 2009 to 2018.
+[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
-−
-“The overall trend in the last decade shows an increase in extreme heavy rainfall events not only in Mumbai but all over the country, which is an impact of climate change,” said R V Sharma, former deputy director general of IMD Mumbai.
-Mumbai’s Monsoon 2019 began on an unusual note: Rains arrived in the city on June 25—one of the most delayed onset dates in 45 years—against the traditional deadline of June 10. Moreover, it has been characterized by unusual weather patterns—one day saw a downpour of 350mm—that have been discussed at several levels, including BMC commissioner Pravin Pardeshi’s office during “debriefing” sessions for civic engineers.
-−
-Weather scientists say rains have been “hyperactive” in 2019 but aren’t sure if this is a one-off occurrence or could become a pattern. K S Hosalikar, deputy director-general (western region), IMD, has another observation: On the five “extremely heavy” rainfall days, the downpour was restricted to a few hours. For instance, the city got 200mm of rain in the six hours between 11.30pm and 5.30am on July 2. On September 4, around 121mm of rain was recorded between 8.30am and 11.30am.
-“Most rain received this year were either in the ‘very heavy’ or ‘extremely heavy’ rainfall categories. At a time when we are talking of climate change and global warming, the first thing to occur is the increase in precipitation and that too in short spells, which we are seeing happen now,” he said.
-−
-It is to escape the flooding caused by such intense downpours that 66-year-old Surindra Khubchandani moved from his flat in Jay Bharat society, Khar, to 15th Road, Santacruz. “Here, floodwaters drain out faster,” he said.
-−
-As not many Mumbaikars can move homes like Khubchandani, the BMC has held brainstorming sessions on how to work around these intense downpours.
-−
-A special report on ‘Oceans and Cryosphere’ released by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that extreme sea level events that took place once in a century would occur every year by mid-century in several regions, increasing the risk of flooding in low-lying coastal cities.
-Akshay Deoras, a PhD student in the department of meteorology, University of Reading, UK, blamed “cyclonic circulations” around the city for the extremely heavy rainfall. Monsoon has been almost “hyperactive” this year, he said.
-Mahesh Palawat, vice-president, Meteorology And Climate Change of Skymet Weather Services, concurred: “This year saw an extreme weather event every month.”
-−
-In July, weather scientists noticed the building up of numerous weather systems affecting Maharashtra and particularly north Konkan (which includes Mumbai) and Goa. “Many low-pressure areas formed over the Bay of Bengal and traveled in the westerly direction while they usually travel northwest,” said Palawat.
-−
-Former IMD official Sharma said while “breaks” in monsoon have been common, there was no long break this year. Sridhar Balasubramanian, associate professor, department of mechanical engineering and associate faculty IDP Climate Studies, IIT Bombay, said, “We cannot avoid extreme weather events but at least control the way water reaches the right source. Our cities are seeing increasing concretisation and that will affect the local cloud pattern. Soil is getting depleted and not able to hold the rainwater. The water therefore just runs down and unless the sun comes out, it evaporate.”
-−
-==2019: suburbs receive far more rain than central, southern Mumbai==
-[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIM%2F2019%2F08%2F17&entity=Ar00309&sk=B41DD337&mode=text  Richa Pinto, August 17, 2019: ''The Times of India'']
-−
-[[File: 2019- Mumbai’s rain map, area-wise.jpg|2019: Mumbai’s rain map, area-wise <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIM%2F2019%2F08%2F17&entity=Ar00309&sk=B41DD337&mode=text  Richa Pinto, August 17, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
-−
-The monsoon has been marked by extreme rain days this year, with some areas of Mumbai recording over 400 mm of rainfall over 24 hours. But the pattern has not been uniform. Rain data from the onset of the rainy season till now shows that suburban areas like Vikrohli, Dindoshi, Kandivli, Borivli and Mulund have recorded the maximum rain in the city, while Mumbai’s central and southern parts have received less rain in comparison (see graphic).
-−
-The weather bureau and climate experts said this has a lot to do with the topography and layout of the suburbs, like hills and large green areas, and the presence of water bodies. In comparison, they said, the island city has more built-up area and less green cover. Wind patterns, too, differ. “Climatologically also, city-side rainfall is less than in the suburbs. Besides, the other core reason for suburbs witnessing more rainfall is local topography. The Sanjay Gandhi National Park, the Aarey Milk Colony are all large expanses of green, the equivalents of which don’t exist in the island city. Then there are water bodies like Powai lake as well,” said K S Hosalikar, deputy director general (western region), India Meteorological Department.
-−
-As a result, clouds are observed more towards the suburbs whenever there is a weather system over central India. “Hills influence weather and the Konkan belt is a perfect example of orographic enhancement of rainfall (orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain). In Mumbai’s case, hills such as those within the national park, although not as high as in the Western Ghats proper, massively enhance rainfall in the suburbs,” said Akshay Deoras, an independent meteorologist and doctoral student at the University of Reading, UK. “Enhancement is often visible when suburbs’ seasonal or sub-seasonal rainfall is compared to that of south Mumbai, which mostly has a flat terrain.”
-−
-[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
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-−
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 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:Pages with broken file links|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
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 '' Monsoon 2024: Overall performance In India, July August ''
 ===Districts, the driest and Wettest===
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 '' Monsoon 2024: the driest and Wettest  districts In India, July August ''
 ==State-wise==