Monsoons: India - Revision history

Jyoti: /* 1980-2025 */

2026-09-09T22:08:15Z

‎1980-2025

Jyoti: /* Monsoon and agriculture */

2026-09-08T23:00:30Z

‎Monsoon and agriculture

Jyoti: /* State-wise II */

2026-09-08T22:50:31Z

‎State-wise II

Jyoti: /* Dates when monsoons reach different regions */

2026-08-01T21:56:53Z

‎Dates when monsoons reach different regions

Pdewan: /* In three sentences */

2026-07-10T10:41:20Z

‎In three sentences

Pdewan: /* Monsoon/ water cycle */

2026-07-10T10:31:45Z

‎Monsoon/ water cycle

Jyoti: /* The El Niño effect */

2026-05-29T23:43:52Z

‎The El Niño effect

Jyoti: /* Delhi */

2025-12-04T20:39:37Z

‎Delhi

Jyoti: /* India: Back-to-back, ‘above normal’ monsoon after 1958-59 */

2025-10-22T12:27:14Z

‎India: Back-to-back, ‘above normal’ monsoon after 1958-59

Jyoti: /* Monsoons in Mumbai */

2025-09-25T15:13:49Z

‎Monsoons in Mumbai

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:08, 9 September 2026
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	There’s consensus among global agencies over the possibility of El Niño forming this summer. European agency ECMWF projects a high probability of the condition developing in MayJune and going on to strengthen into a very strong event — dubbed a ‘super El Niño’ by some — by the year end.		There’s consensus among global agencies over the possibility of El Niño forming this summer. European agency ECMWF projects a high probability of the condition developing in MayJune and going on to strengthen into a very strong event — dubbed a ‘super El Niño’ by some — by the year end.
		+
		+	==2026: Near-normal July rains defy forecast of El Niño impact==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=/ccidist-ws/toi/toidelhibs_delhi/issues/73312/OPS/GLDKUE2V1.1+GLDKUE2VV.1.html&channel=TOI July 31, 2026: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+
		+	India’s monsoon has delivered a surprise this July, defying forecasts of below-normal rainfall despite a strengthening El Niño and reinforcing scientists’ warnings that climate change is altering the country’s most important weather system, report Chittaranjan Tembhekar & Gaurav Talwar.
		+
		+	As of July 30, India received 270.1mm rain in July against a normal of 271.9mm, well within normal range. IMD had said July rainfall was likely to be less than 94% of long period average. However, rainfall distribution remained skewed, with central India receiving 29% excess in July while the east & northeast recorded a deficit of 30% and south 28%. The monsoon deficit since June 1 was 14%.
		+
		+	The unexpected turnaround in July has eased fears of a big monsoon shortfall but highlighted a new reality: long dry spells interspersed with short bursts of extremely heavy rain capable of triggering floods and landslides.

	[[Category:Climate/Meteorology\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA		[[Category:Climate/Meteorology\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA

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 [[File: How monsoon affects farming, 2006-16.jpg|How monsoon affects farming, 2006-16; [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=19_04_2017_019_026_006&type=P&artUrl=Agriculture-growth-rate-estimated-at-42-in-2016-19042017019026&eid=31808 The Times of India], April 19, 2017|frame|500px]]
-[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+==Monsoon and vegetation==
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:India|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:India|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:Pages with broken file links|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:Pages with broken file links|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]

@@ Line 2,245: / Line 2,245: @@
 ===State-wise II===
-[[File: Monsoon 2024, India, July August, Deficit and excess  rainfall in some states.jpg| Monsoon 2024, India, July Aug: Deficit and excess  rainfall in some states <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=03_09_2024_009_013_cap_TOI  Sep 3, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
+[[File: Monsoon 2024, India, July August, Deficit and excess rainfall in some states.jpg| Monsoon 2024, India, July Aug: Deficit and excess rainfall in some states <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=03_09_2024_009_013_cap_TOI  Sep 3, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
 '''See graphic''':
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 '' Monsoon 2024, India, July Aug: Deficit and excess  rainfall in some states ''
-[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:India|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:India|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:Pages with broken file links|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:Pages with broken file links|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]

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 =Dates when monsoons reach different regions=
 ==In typical years==
 [[File: moonsoon1.png| The dates on which the monsoon normally reaches various parts of India.|frame|500px]]
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 If after May 10, 60% of 14 stations -Minicoy, Amini, Thiruvananthapuram, Punalur, Kollam, Allapuzha, Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Thalassery, Kannur, Kudulu and Mangalore -report rainfall of 2.5 mm or more for two consecutive days, the onset of the monsoon is declared on the second day. Normally, the monsoon sets in over Kerala around June 1 and then advances northwards. By June 5, it goes past half of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and crosses Maharashtra by the 10th.It covers significant portions of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh by June 15 and the entire country by June-end.
-[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:Climate/Meteorology|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:India|MMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:Pages with broken file links|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
-[[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIA
+[[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
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 =In three sentences=
-The four-month monsoon [rainy] season normally begins from June 1 and ends on September 30. The Southwest Monsoon gives 70 per cent (of the entire year's) rains to the country, where agriculture still remains a major contributor to the GDP. June contributes 17% of the total rainfall, July 32%, August 28% and September 23%.    ([https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/monsoon-covers-entire-country-17-days-ahead-of-normal-schedule/articleshow/64794673.cms From PTI])
+The four-month monsoon [rainy] season in India normally begins from June 1 and ends on September 30. The Southwest Monsoon gives 70 per cent (of the entire year's) rains to the country, where agriculture still remains a major contributor to the GDP. June contributes 17% of the total rainfall, July 32%, August 28% and September 23%.    ([https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/monsoon-covers-entire-country-17-days-ahead-of-normal-schedule/articleshow/64794673.cms From PTI])
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 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
 [[Category:S&T|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
 MONSOONS: INDIA]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:43, 29 May 2026
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	In recent years, just a warming in the Pacific, which didn’t result in an El Nino, is believed to have impacted the monsoon in 2012 and 2014. However, every El Nino is unique with its own peculiarities. How it plays out, and whether large-scale features that depress the monsoon actually develop, remains to be seen.		In recent years, just a warming in the Pacific, which didn’t result in an El Nino, is believed to have impacted the monsoon in 2012 and 2014. However, every El Nino is unique with its own peculiarities. How it plays out, and whether large-scale features that depress the monsoon actually develop, remains to be seen.
		+
		+	==1980-2025==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=14_04_2026_018_003_cap_TOI Amit.Bhattacharya, April 14, 2026: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: Rainfall in India during El-Nino years, 1982-2023.jpg\|Rainfall in India during El-Nino years, 1982-2023 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=14_04_2026_018_003_cap_TOI Amit.Bhattacharya, April 14, 2026: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	Around 70% of all El Niño years since 1980 have corresponded with poor summer monsoons, showing that the link between the Pacific condition and the country’s June-Sept rains is one of the strongest among global weather phenomena impacting India’s rainy season.
		+
		+	The link assumes importance in light of latest forecasts from US and European weather agencies that have advanced the likelihood of El Niño setting in within two-three months and said it’s expected to be stronger than what earlier forecasts suggested. In it’s monsoon outlook, IMD says the season’s rainfall is expected to be below normal.
		+
		+	TOI analysed all El Niño years since 1980 — as defined by US agency NCEP — and the corresponding monsoon performance. Of the 13 such years, the monsoon was deficient or severely deficient (below 90% of long period average) in seven, below normal (90-96%) in two, normal in three and excess in one. Of the two belownormal years, rains in 2018 was close to deficient (below 91%).
		+
		+	According to IMD, which uses a different metric to define El Niño years, there were eight such years during which the monsoon was deficient in six, including one year (2002) when it was severely deficient (rainfall below 80% of LPA).
		+
		+	In addition, there have been years such as 2014, when rising heat in the Pacific impacted monsoon although El Niño finally didn’t develop. During an El Niño, there’s unusual warming of surface waters in eastern and central tropical Pacific which leads to changes in wind patterns that impact weather across the globe in different ways.
		+
		+	There are notable exceptions when monsoon turned out to be normal despite an El Niño. The most cited example is 1997 which saw one of the strongest El Niños on record, but June-Sept rainfall in India remained normal. That year, conditions in Indian Ocean — a phenomenon known as Indian Ocean Dipole — strongly favoured good rains over India and is thought to have countered the effects of El Niño.
		+
		+	There’s consensus among global agencies over the possibility of El Niño forming this summer. European agency ECMWF projects a high probability of the condition developing in MayJune and going on to strengthen into a very strong event — dubbed a ‘super El Niño’ by some — by the year end.
		+
		+	[[Category:Climate/Meteorology\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:S&T\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]

	=How the monsoons control our destiny=		=How the monsoons control our destiny=

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 ==Delhi==
 ===2010-19===
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2019/10/11&entity=Ar00905&sk=727F6A5B&mode=text  Jasjeev Gandhiok, Oct 11, 2019: ''The Times of India'']
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 MONSOONS: INDIA]]
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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 22 October 2025
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	Though India had recorded deficit rainfall in July, the surplus rains in June, August and September helped in the country recording an all-time high acreage. Based on it, the agriculture ministry has set a record target of 301 million tonnes of foodgrains for the 2020-21 crop year. The monsoon started retreating from western parts of north-west India on September 28 against the normal withdrawal date of September 17. As on Thursday, the south-west monsoon had withdrawn from Punjab, western Himalayan region, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and parts of Rajasthan and some parts of Uttar Pradesh.		Though India had recorded deficit rainfall in July, the surplus rains in June, August and September helped in the country recording an all-time high acreage. Based on it, the agriculture ministry has set a record target of 301 million tonnes of foodgrains for the 2020-21 crop year. The monsoon started retreating from western parts of north-west India on September 28 against the normal withdrawal date of September 17. As on Thursday, the south-west monsoon had withdrawn from Punjab, western Himalayan region, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and parts of Rajasthan and some parts of Uttar Pradesh.

		+	==1988-2025==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=05_09_2025_020_004_cap_TOI Sep 5, 2025: ''The Times of India'']

		+	[[File: The Wettest monsoons in North India, 1988-2025.jpg\|The Wettest monsoons in North India, 1988-2025 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=05_09_2025_020_004_cap_TOI Sep 5, 2025: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	North India, a region meteorologically known as northwest India, has received 691.7mm of rain in the monsoon season (since June 1) so far, nearly 37% higher than normal. Even if the region gets normal rainfall for rest of the season, which ends on Sept 30, the total is likely to cross 750mm. That will put this season’s rainfall as second-highest in north India in last 50 years, behind 813.5mm recorded in 1988 and ahead of 737mm logged in 1994.
		+
		+	During the past two weeks of weather fury, the region’s total monsoon rainfall surplus climbed steeply from 11.6% on Aug 22 to nearly 37% on Thursday. Across a large region such as north India, the mean daily rainfall to sustain such high levels for two weeks is rare. So, what caused this prolonged spell of intense rain? “This period saw a rare instance of back-to-back spells of two-system interactions, that is, a ‘western disturbance’ bringing moist wind flows from regions close to the Mediterranean Sea converging with monsoon winds from the east. The first such interaction took place from Aug 23 to 27, and then another one began on Aug 29 and is expected to last till Friday,” said Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, IMD chief.  Such interactions are known to unleash very heavy rainfall and cloudbursts in the western Himalayan states, the most devastating example being Kedarnath deluge in June 2013. While such two-system convergences are uncommon in the peak monsoon period of July-Aug, back-to-back occurrences are extremely rare.
		+
		+	Except for east UP, the twoweek spell caused extreme rain in all sub-divisions of northwest India. Punjab was most heavily impacted, logging 388% surplus rain in the first week and 454% in the second. In the past week ending Sept 3, the subdivision of Haryana, Delhi and Chandigarh recorded 325% excess rainfall, Himachal Pradesh 314%, west Rajasthan 285%, J&K 240% and Uttarakhand 190%.
		+
		+	''' Battered North India logs its rainiest 2-wk period in 14 yrs '''
		+
		+	'' On Course For Wettest Monsoon Since 1988 ''
		+
		+	New Delhi: Rain-battered north India just experienced its wettest two-week period in at least the past 14 years, available IMD records since 2012 reveal. From Aug 22 to Sept 4, the region logged nearly 3x of normal rainfall, triggering extreme weather fury in nearly all parts of the region — including cloudbursts on the Vaishno Devi route in J&K, worst-in-decades floods in Punjab, the third highest recorded levels of the Yamuna in Delhi and widespread landslides in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
		+
		+	North India recorded 205.3mm of rain in these 14 days against a normal of 73.1mm, accounting for 35% of the region’s usual quota for the entire four-month monsoon season. The intense spell has put the region on course to registering its wettest monsoon in 37 years since 1988.
		+
		+	[[Category:Climate/Meteorology\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|MONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
		+	MONSOONS: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:S&T\|MMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIAMONSOONS: INDIA
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	== Driest, wettest cities of India: Jun-Aug==		== Driest, wettest cities of India: Jun-Aug==

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 =Monsoons in Mumbai=
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 As a result, clouds are observed more towards the suburbs whenever there is a weather system over central India. “Hills influence weather and the Konkan belt is a perfect example of orographic enhancement of rainfall (orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain). In Mumbai’s case, hills such as those within the national park, although not as high as in the Western Ghats proper, massively enhance rainfall in the suburbs,” said Akshay Deoras, an independent meteorologist and doctoral student at the University of Reading, UK. “Enhancement is often visible when suburbs’ seasonal or sub-seasonal rainfall is compared to that of south Mumbai, which mostly has a flat terrain.”
 =Monsoons in North India=