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Pdewan at 20:33, 28 November 2016

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Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article has been extracted from
THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA , 1908.
OXFORD, A..."

2015-02-16T11:33:14Z

Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%"> This article has been extracted from <br/> THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA , 1908.<br/> OXFORD, A..."

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{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
This article has been extracted from <br/>

THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA , 1908.<br/>

OXFORD, AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.
</div>
|}
[[Category:India|M]]
[[Category:Places|M]]
''Note: National, provincial and district boundaries have changed considerably since 1908. Typically, old states, ‘divisions’ and districts have been broken into smaller units, and many tahsils upgraded to districts. Some units have since been renamed. Therefore, this article is being posted mainly for its historical value. ''

=Munda=
An aboriginal tribe of the Chota Nagpur Division, Bengal,
where they numbered 438,000 in 1901. They are mainly to be found
in Ranchi District, and are closely akin to the Ho, Bhumij, and Santal
tribes. The name Munda is of Sanskrit origin and denotes a ' village
headman ' ; the people call them.selves Horo (meaning ' man '). Their
physical type is Dravidian, but their language is allied to those spoken
by the Ho, Santal, Bhumij, and other cognate tribes. These dialects
form a distinct linguistic family, variously known as Munda or Kol, the
origin of which is one of the most obscure philological problems of the
day. It was suggested by Logan that they were evolved from the con-
tact of the southern Dravidian languages with Mon-Anam forms of
speech brought to India by Mongolian invaders from the north-east.
The majority of the tribe (296,000) are returned as Animists, but there
are 85,000 Hindus and 56,000 Christians; conversion to Christianity
has recently made rapid progress among this race.

The village community retains its primitive form among the Mundas,
and is provided with a complete staff of village officials. The munda is
the headman ; he is responsible for the rent of the village, which he col-
lects and pays to the 7>idnki or head of a group of villages, where there
is one, or to the landlord. The mahto is an accountant, the pahn a
priest, the bhanddri the landlord's agent, and the gorait a watchman.
These officials are remunerated by grants of land held rent-free or at
privileged rents, or by payments in grain or in cash, as are also the ah'ir
or cowherd, and the lohdr or blacksmith.

The system prevails in its
entirety in the tract of RanchT District which borders on Singhbhum
and is known as the mdnki-paiti. Here many of the mdnkis and
mundas are the descendants of the original chiefs, and still hold the
villages which their ancestors founded. These villages are cultivated
by the descendants of the original reclaimers, and each family is re-
sponsible for the payment of a fixed quota of the village rent. For
many years past the landlords have been endeavouring to break down
the prescriptive rights of these people, which they are most tenacious
in asserting, and the discontent thus engendered culminated in the unda rising of 1899. This outbreak was speedily suppressed ; but,
in order to remove the grievances complained of, the Munda tract is
being surveyed and settled, and an Act has been passed by the Local
Government to protect the rights of these village communities.

In the early part of the last century the Mundas gave a great deal of
trouble. There were outbreaks in 18x1 and in 1820; and in 1831 a
serious insurrection took place, caused by the lease of some villages
by the brother of the Maharaja of Chota Nagpur to Sikhs and other
foreigners. This insurrection was suppressed with some difficulty in
1832 by Captain (afterwards Sir Thomas) Wilkinson.

@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 Kolhani Munda, Nagpuria Munda, Tamadia Munda [Orissa]
 Bhumij Munda, Kharia Munda, Kol Munda, Mahali Munda, Manki Munda, Munda Majhi, Nagbansi Munda, Savar
 Munda [West Bengal]
 Subtribes: Bhuinhar Munda, Karanga Munda, Khangar M
 unda, Kharia Munda, Kol Munda, Konkpat Munda, Mahal
@@ Line 75: / Line 76: @@
 raon Munda, Sad Munda Savar Munda in Chotanagpur
 [H.H. Risley]
 Titles: Manki [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]
 Bodra, Jojo, Lugun, Nag, Purti [Orissa]
@@ Line 83: / Line 85: @@
 Bodra, Chauva, Jojo, Lakda, Lugun, Nag, Purti, Sind
 uria [Orissa]
 Exogamous units/clans: Bagh (tiger), Kachim (tortoi
 se), Nag (cobra) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]
@@ Line 100: / Line 103: @@
 aghela, Bhengra, Hansda, Horo, Kachchap, Lang, Nag,
 Tud [Bihar
 and/or Jharkhand]
 Gotra: Kashyap [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]
 *Septs: Aind (kind of eel), Amba (mango), Ambras (f
@@ Line 230: / Line 234: @@
 Uring (wild bird)
 in Chotanagpur [H.H. Risley]
 Exogamous units/lineages (bans): [Madhya Pradesh an
 d/or Chhattisgarh]

Munda (Home page) - Revision history

Pdewan: /* Munda */

Pdewan: Pdewan moved page Munda to Munda (Home page) without leaving a redirect

Pdewan at 20:33, 28 November 2016

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"| This article has been extracted from THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA , 1908. OXFORD, A..."

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article has been extracted from
THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA , 1908.
OXFORD, A..."