OBC (Other backward class/es) quota: India - Revision history

Pdewan: /* See also */

2023-10-16T18:17:57Z

‎See also

Pdewan: /* See also */

2023-10-16T18:14:46Z

‎See also

Pdewan: /* See also */

2023-10-16T18:14:16Z

‎See also

Jyoti: /* =The men who implemented the Mandal quota */

2022-01-30T14:38:08Z

‎=The men who implemented the Mandal quota

Jyoti: /* Was the Aug 90 announcement made in haste? */

2022-01-30T14:37:56Z

‎Was the Aug 90 announcement made in haste?

Jyoti: /* Local elections */

2022-01-24T08:43:54Z

‎Local elections

Jyoti: /* Exemptions */

2022-01-21T00:16:26Z

‎Exemptions

Jyoti: /* 1831-2006 */

2021-12-02T12:37:47Z

‎1831-2006

Pdewan: /* See also */

2021-12-01T19:29:25Z

‎See also

Pdewan: /* Other Backward Classes, State-wise */

2021-12-01T19:23:33Z

‎Other Backward Classes, State-wise

@@ Line 410: / Line 410: @@
 [[National Commission for Backward Classes]]
 [[OBC (Other backward class/es) quota: India]]
@@ Line 448: / Line 450: @@
 [[Category:Name|ALPHABETOBC QUOTAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
 OB]]

@@ Line 410: / Line 410: @@
 [[National Commission for Backward Classes]]
 [[OBC (Other backward class/es) quota: India]]
@@ Line 443: / Line 441: @@
 [[Category:Name|ALPHABETOBC QUOTAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
 OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA]]

@@ Line 396: / Line 396: @@
 [[Category:Name|ALPHABETOBC QUOTAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
 OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA]]
 =See also=
 [[Caste-based reservations, India (history)]]
@@ Line 404: / Line 405: @@
 [[Caste-based reservations, India (the results, statistics)]]
-[[The Scheduled Castes: statistics ]]
+[[Jat community: 'reservations'/ quotas for]]
-[[Scheduled Castes of Kerala (list)]]
+[[Maharashtra: Castes & Tribes, scheduled and backward]]
-[[Scheduled Castes in Tamil Nadu ]]
+[[National Commission for Backward Classes]]
 [[OBC (Other backward class/es) quota: India]]
-[[Jat community: 'reservations'/ quotas for]]
+[[OBC (Other backward class/es) quota: India]]
 [[Patel, Patidar]]
 [[Sons of the soil/ local job-seekers: 'reservations'/ quotas for: India]]
-[[Category:India|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
+[[The Scheduled Castes: statistics ]]
-OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL]]
-[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
+[[Transgenders and the Indian law]]
-OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL]]
-[[Category:Name|ALPHABETOBC QUOTAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
+[[Category:India|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL
 OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA]]

@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 Singh’s grandchildren — Richa and Adrija, then aged eight and six, respectively —had to face public ire too. “Teachers taunted us in class and the kids would make up scurrilous rhymes about VP Singh and sing them before us in the playground,” said Richa. “My art teacher flung my drawing book into the dustbin, saying, ‘You can’t draw, you’re about as good at it as your grandfather is at governance,” recalled Adrija. ‘In revenge, a friend and I emptied a bottle of Fevicol into her handbag when she wasn’t looking.’
-===The men who implemented the Mandal quota==
+===The men who implemented the Mandal quota===
 [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-mandal-was-not-rushed-on-vp-singh/articleshow/87998689.cms  Dec 1, 2021: ''The Times of India'']
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 The official notification was issued on August 13, 1990, with the government listing only those castes as OBCs that were common to the Mandal Commission’s and the state governments’ lists — about 1,200 of them.
  Excerpted with permission from The Disruptor: How Vishwanath Pratap Singh Shook India (Harper Collins India).
 [[Category:India|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 30 January 2022
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	Singh’s grandchildren — Richa and Adrija, then aged eight and six, respectively —had to face public ire too. “Teachers taunted us in class and the kids would make up scurrilous rhymes about VP Singh and sing them before us in the playground,” said Richa. “My art teacher flung my drawing book into the dustbin, saying, ‘You can’t draw, you’re about as good at it as your grandfather is at governance,” recalled Adrija. ‘In revenge, a friend and I emptied a bottle of Fevicol into her handbag when she wasn’t looking.’		Singh’s grandchildren — Richa and Adrija, then aged eight and six, respectively —had to face public ire too. “Teachers taunted us in class and the kids would make up scurrilous rhymes about VP Singh and sing them before us in the playground,” said Richa. “My art teacher flung my drawing book into the dustbin, saying, ‘You can’t draw, you’re about as good at it as your grandfather is at governance,” recalled Adrija. ‘In revenge, a friend and I emptied a bottle of Fevicol into her handbag when she wasn’t looking.’
		+
		+	===The men who implemented the Mandal quota==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-mandal-was-not-rushed-on-vp-singh/articleshow/87998689.cms Dec 1, 2021: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+
		+	Three people played crucial supporting roles in VP’s historic decision to adopt the Mandal Commission report, sustaining him through the storm that followed. The first was Sharad Yadav, minister for textiles and food processing in his cabinet, himself an OBC Yadav by caste, who still smarted from the caste humiliation he had faced from teachers at his village school in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh, despite his father being a grain merchant and fairly wealthy.
		+
		+	“VP Singh telephoned me in the evening (of August 1, 1990) and said he was finding it difficult to work with Devi Lal [deputy PM],” said Sharad Yadav. “I said, ‘Don’t be hasty; don’t ask him to resign or any such thing.’” VP then revealed that he had already removed Devi Lal from the cabinet. They agreed on a breakfast meeting the next morning, at 7, Race Course Road, which lasted over three hours.
		+
		+	“We were both committed to the Mandal Commission report, but VP Singh was not too enthusiastic about implementing it immediately,” Yadav added. “I told him, ‘If you want the Lok Dal [B] MPs to stay with you, you have no choice. You either bring it in or we go with Devi Lal.’ Gardan pakad ke karwaya unsey (I held him [figuratively] by the neck and got him to do it).”
		+
		+	VP Singh proposed announcing the decision in his Independence Day speech, due in a fortnight. Sharad Yadav suggested he do it sooner. “I said, ‘That might be too late. It should be announced before Devi Lal holds his August 9 rally,’” he recalled.
		+
		+
		+	Both of them realised that Devi Lal, for all his earlier indifference to the report, could well declare at his rally that he had been keen to enforce it but that VP had been obstructing him. Their announcing its implementation thereafter would be politically fruitless.
		+
		+	The second was Ram Vilas Paswan, minister for social welfare, who, though a Dalit and not an OBC, was much influenced by the Samyukta Socialist Party, which he had joined in his early youth, and was thereby a strong advocate of OBC reservation. In March 1990, when VP found the Devi Lal-chaired committee inactive, he had turned to Paswan for the preparatory spadework, whose ministry, in any case, was vital to the report’s implementation.
		+
		+	The third was PS Krishnan, secretary in the social welfare ministry, to whom Paswan entrusted the task. Krishnan was a 1956-batch IAS officer from the Andhra Pradesh cadre, who combined exhaustive knowledge of the legislative and judicial history related to Dalit and OBC reservations, with a marked bent in their favour. “On taking over in January 1990, I prepared an agenda of things to get done, among which implementing the Mandal report was foremost,” he said. “I knew, given the nature of the government, that it would not last long. So there was no time to lose.”
		+
		+	He submitted a note on the Mandal report to the cabinet on 1 May 1990, placing it in historical and legislative perspective, pointing out that enforcing it needed no parliamentary approval but a mere executive order. Other senior bureaucrats, who had to acquiesce before it reached the cabinet, raised objections, but Krishnan rebutted all their arguments. “Cabinet Secretary Vinod Pande told me, ‘We have to find a way out of the Mandal problem for VP Singh,’” he said. “I said, ‘Problem? That’s not what he told me. VP Singh wants to enforce Mandal.’”
		+
		+	Krishnan estimated that the note reached VP by the end of May 1990, after its passage through the law ministry. VP wrote to all the state chief ministers, seeking their opinion, in June 1990 — only the chief ministers of UP and Bihar replied, both supporting its prompt enforcement — but it was brought before the cabinet only on August 2, 1990, the day after he axed Devi Lal.
		+
		+	Barring Sharad Yadav and Paswan, most ministers were surprised. “Pehle se koi build-up nahi tha, pata bhi nahi tha kisiko (There was no previous build-up, no one knew it was coming),” said Arif Khan.
		+	But with the report’s implementation having been promised in the Janata Dal manifesto, no one dissented on that day either. Arif Khan, however, presciently worried about how their supporting parties — the BJP and the communists — would respond, though he realised that no party would risk opposing the decision publicly, given the size of the OBC vote bank.
		+
		+	At the next cabinet meeting the following day, when the report was discussed again, he maintained he was the only one to demur. “Arun Nehru, Ajit Singh and I had met earlier and decided to raise objections together, but at the meeting I was the only one to speak up,” he said. “I had nothing against the Mandal proposals. Lekin maine ek imandari ki baat ki, aap ek nayi cheez karna chahte hain, hamari majority nahi hai, aap BJP aur CPM ke sahyog se sarkar chala rahein hain (I brought up a matter of probity. You want to introduce something new. We don’t have a majority. We are running the government with the support of the BJP and the CPI [M]). Why not involve them?”
		+
		+	But VP knew that since neither party favoured it, trying to convince them would lead to further delays, while August 9, 1990 loomed.
		+	Between the two cabinet meetings, on the evening of August 2 1990, there was also a boisterous National Front parliamentary party meeting in the Parliament Annexe, which Som Pal, having been elected to the Rajya Sabha by then, attended. The MPs were overwhelmingly supportive of introducing the Mandal recommendations; indeed, the meeting also offered evidence of VP’s slipping prime ministerial authority, as some of them openly admonished him for the delay in doing so until then.
		+
		+	“The meeting went on for four hours, with 27 MPs speaking,” said Som Pal. “One of the MPs, an OBC belonging to Chandra Shekhar’s faction, had the temerity to say sarcastically, ‘Jab tak iss desh ka PM savarn hoga, Mandal Commission lagoo nahi ho sakta [As long as the country’s Prime Minister is an upper-caste individual, the Mandal Commission report will never be implemented.]’”
		+
		+	That really provoked VP Singh. He gave a chronology of all that had been done until then, saying, “The Mandal list of OBCs and the state lists need to be reconciled; I’ve put a dozen joint secretaries on the job.”
		+
		+	“Bahaneybaji (excuses),” some MPs yelled back.
		+	VP Singh stood up and said, “Let’s decide the date to introduce it right now.”’
		+
		+	The meeting chose August 7, 1990, the day Parliament would reopen for a fresh session. On the evening of August 6, 1990, Krishnan, Paswan and VP met for a final discussion at 7, Race Course Road, where Krishnan drafted the brief speech enforcing the Mandal report that VP had to make in the Lok Sabha the next day. It was only then that VP also made brief calls to top leaders of the BJP, the CPI and the CPI (M), informing them of his decision.
		+	BJP President Lal Krishna Advani tried hard to dissuade him, suggesting that the subject could be discussed at length at their weekly Tuesday dinner, only two days away. “VP Singh’s reply was, ‘No I cannot wait. I have to announce it tomorrow,’” Advani recalled in his memoirs.
		+
		+	The official notification was issued on August 13, 1990, with the government listing only those castes as OBCs that were common to the Mandal Commission’s and the state governments’ lists — about 1,200 of them.
		+	Excerpted with permission from The Disruptor: How Vishwanath Pratap Singh Shook India (Harper Collins India).

	[[Category:India\|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL		[[Category:India\|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:43, 24 January 2022
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	The bench said if there is a panchayat poll in future and the commission has not yet given any recommendation, or the state has not relied upon the recommendations of the commission, then there cannot be any reservation for the other backward classes in the local body elections. "If there is an election, it has to be as per the SC judgment laying down the triple test guidelines," it said. However, it clarified that the states can act upon the interim recommendations of the dedicated commission for determining the quantum of OBC quota in panchayat polls.		The bench said if there is a panchayat poll in future and the commission has not yet given any recommendation, or the state has not relied upon the recommendations of the commission, then there cannot be any reservation for the other backward classes in the local body elections. "If there is an election, it has to be as per the SC judgment laying down the triple test guidelines," it said. However, it clarified that the states can act upon the interim recommendations of the dedicated commission for determining the quantum of OBC quota in panchayat polls.
		+
		+
		+	=Medical colleges=
		+	==SC upholds OBC quota/ 2022==
		+	[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=21_01_2022_012_014_cap_TOI Dhananjay Mahapatra, January 21, 2022: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	New Delhi: Settling the perennial merit vs quota debate while upholding reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBC) in the intensely competitive all-India quota (AIQ) medical seats, the Supreme Court on Thursday ruled that scores in entrance tests do not reflect the social, economic and cultural advantage that accrues to certain classes and contributes to their success in such examinations.
		+	Rejecting the challenge to the constitutional validity of 27% OBC quota in the soughtafter AIQ seats in MBBS and MD courses, a bench of Justices D Y Chandrachud and A S Bopanna said, “Merit can’t be reduced to narrow definitions of performance in an open competitive exam which only provides formal equality of opportunity. ” “High scores in an exam are not a proxy for merit. Merit should be socially contextualised. . . as an instrument that advances social goods like equality. In such a context, reservation is not at odds with merit but furthers its distributive consequences,” the bench said.
		+
		+	Writing the judgment, Justice Chandrachud said, “Competitive exams assess basic current competency to allocate educational resources but are not reflective of excellence, capabilities and potential of an individual which are also shaped by lived experiences, subsequent training and individual character. Crucially, open competitive exams do not reflect the social, economic and cultural advantage that accrues to certain classes and contributes to their success in such exams. ”
		+
		+	The bench said the 10% EWS quota for undergraduate and postgraduate medical courses would also continue for the 2021-22 academic year, as judicial propriety would not permit the SC to pass an interim order staying the criteria for determination of the EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) category.
		+
		+	“It is a settled principle of law that in matters involving challenge to the constitutionality of a legislation or a rule, the court must be wary to pass an interim order, unless the court is convinced that the rules are prima facie arbitrary,” the bench said while scheduling the exercise for detailed scrutiny of the constitutional validity of EWS quota to the third week of March.
		+
		+	It said, “At this stage, without hearing all the interested parties on arguments such as (i) extent of judicial review of materials relied on for providing reservation under Article 15; (ii) the power of the states to determine EWS in view of the explanation to Article 15 and in view of an alternative criteria proposed by the committee formed by the government of Kerala; and (iii) the meaning of EWS — the identification of the poor or the poorest, it would be imper missible for us to form a prima facie opinion on the alleged arbitrariness of the criteria. ”
		+
		+	Importantly, the SC clarified that the Centre was not required to seek its permission before providing reservation in AIQ seats. “Therefore, providing reservation in the AIQ seats is a policy decision of the government. ”
		+
		+	Returning to the debate over merit vs quota, the bench rejected the argument that once an OBC candidate secures an undergraduate AIQ medical seat, he/she should not be entitled to again fall back on his backwardness to secure seat in the AIQ post-graduate medical seat, where merit alone should be the criteria.

	[[Category:India\|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL		[[Category:India\|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL

@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 The amendment also proposes to increase the number of seats in unpopular branches of study or faculty. The proposal says increase will be with reference to the number of seats in that subject in the year OBC reservation came into force or the number of seats actually filled, whichever is less.
 Caste Cauldron?
 Exemption from OBC quota is part of the series of amendments proposed in the Central Educational Institutions Amendment Act
 The amendment seeks to extend the period of implementing reservation from three years to six years. Now, all central educational institutions have time till 2012
 The amendment proposes to increase the no. of seats in unpopular branches of study
-[[Category:India|O
+=Local elections=
-OTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIA]]
+==Triple test must for local polls: SC, 2022==
-[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|O
+[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-27-obc-quota-in-local-body-elections-without-triple-test-sc/articleshow/89004106.cms  Dhananjay Mahapatra, January 20, 2022: ''The Times of India'']
-OTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIA]]
 =Other Backward Classes' issues, State-wise=

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 June | SC says that it has right to scrutinise the
 constitutionality of the proposed OBC quota in education
 =Exemptions=

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 1 December 2021
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	=See also=		=See also=
	[[Transgenders and the Indian law]]		[[Transgenders and the Indian law]]
		+
		+	[[Caste-based reservations, India (history)]]
		+
		+	[[Caste-based reservations, India (the results, statistics)]]
		+
		+	[[The Scheduled Castes: statistics ]]
		+
		+	[[Scheduled Castes of Kerala (list)]]
		+
		+	[[Scheduled Castes in Tamil Nadu ]]
		+
		+	[[OBC (Other backward class/es) quota: India]]
		+
		+	[[Jat community: 'reservations'/ quotas for]]
		+
		+	[[Patel, Patidar]]
		+
		+	[[Sons of the soil/ local job-seekers: 'reservations'/ quotas for: India]]
		+
		+	[[Category:India\|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
		+	OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL]]
		+	[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary\|OOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
		+	OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CL]]
		+	[[Category:Name\|ALPHABETOBC QUOTAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIAOBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA
		+	OBC (OTHER BACKWARD CLASS/ES) QUOTA: INDIA]]

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 OTHER BACKWARD CASTES (OBC) QUOTA: INDIA]]
-=Other Backward Classes, State-wise=
+=Other Backward Classes' issues, State-wise=
 ==Tamil Nadu and Karnataka==
 [http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Client.asp?skin=pastissues2&enter=LowLevel From the archives of '' The Times of India '' 2007, 2009]
@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 In the end, EBCs appeared to have no grievance on development front. And Nitish's proven record appears to have assuaged their fears of return of Yadav dominance.
 =Superior courts' judgements=