http://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Poverty%3A_IndiaPoverty: India - Revision history2026-07-30T16:45:39ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.19.2http://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=138475&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2018: In India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc */2025-12-03T21:07:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2018: In India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>See graphic, ‘The percentage of the population living in abject poverty in India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc.: between 1980-90 and presumably 2018.    ’</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>See graphic, ‘The percentage of the population living in abject poverty in India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc.: between 1980-90 and presumably 2018.    ’</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2011> 2023==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/who-is-poor-updated-rangarajan-poverty-line-india-10278352/?ref=explained_pg  Siddharth Upasani, Oct 19, 2025: ''The Indian Express'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Poverty in India, 2011- 2023.jpg|Poverty in India: 2011> 2023 <br/> From: [https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/who-is-poor-updated-rangarajan-poverty-line-india-10278352/?ref=explained_pg  Siddharth Upasani, Oct 19, 2025: ''The Indian Express'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Almost 15 years ago, the erstwhile Planning Commission set up a committee headed by C Rangarajan, a former governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), to review the methodology for measurement of poverty in the country. The committee, which submitted its report in June 2014, caused a stir when it estimated the national poverty line at Rs 1,407 in terms of monthly per capita expenditure for urban areas and Rs 972 for rural areas.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">What this meant was that anyone spending more than Rs 47 per day in urban areas and Rs 32 per day in rural areas was not ‘poor’. These thresholds led to the number of poor in India being pegged at 29.5 per cent of the population. Since then, no new poverty line, at least one backed by the government, has been created.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Odisha, Bihar big movers '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Last week, economists from the RBI’s Department of Economic and Policy Research published a paper in which they ‘updated’ the Rangarajan line for 20 major states of India using the government’s Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2022-23. The results showed Odisha and Bihar had posted the biggest decline in poverty levels between 2011-12 and 2022-23, with the proportion of the population below the updated version of the Rangarajan poverty line falling by around 40 percentage points.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rural poverty in Odisha fell to 8.6 per cent in 2022-23 from 47.8 per cent in 2011-12 – the biggest decline of any state in India. On the urban side, the fall was the most for Bihar, with 9.1 per cent of the population below the updated poverty line, down from 50.8 per cent in 2011-12 as estimated by the Rangarajan committee.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">On the other hand, the decline in the percentage of the population below the poverty line was the least in Kerala and Himachal Pradesh. However, both states have one of the lowest poverty levels. In 2022-23, the percentage of the rural population below the RBI staff’s updated poverty line was 1.4 per cent in Kerala, down 590 basis points (bps) from 7.3 per cent in 2011-12. For urban areas, the decline was the least for Himachal Pradesh: from 8.8 per cent to 2 per cent, or 680 bps.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">On the whole, rural poverty in 2022-23 was lowest in Himachal Pradesh (0.4 per cent) and highest in Chhattisgarh (25.1 per cent). Urban poverty, meanwhile, was lowest in Tamil Nadu (1.9 per cent) and highest, again, in Chhattisgarh (13.3 per cent).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is worth pointing out that the all-India rural and urban poverty lines estimated by the Rangarajan committee were not updated by the RBI economists in their study.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Updating Rangarajan’s lines '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Unlike some others, the RBI staff study chose not to ‘adjust’ the old poverty lines using Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation – because it’s not accurate to do so as the CPI basket and the Rangarajan poverty line basket (PLB) are different: the weight of food in the rural Rangarajan PLB is 57 per cent compared to 54 per cent in rural CPI, while 47 per cent of the urban Rangarajan PLB is food compared to 36 per cent for urban CPI.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">What they instead did was create a new price index – like the CPI – but one whose constituent items have the same weight as the Rangarajan PLB. This price index and the resultant inflation levels were then used to inflate each state’s 2012 rural and urban poverty lines as estimated by the Rangarajan committee. Using 2022-23 HCES data, the percentage of households below the updated poverty lines was found.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Of course, as the RBI staff themselves noted, consumption patterns changed between 2011-12 and 2022-23, as the latter HCES showed. And just as this requires a change in the CPI basket – which the statistics ministry is in process of doing on the basis of the 2023-24 survey – the PLB and the poverty line too might require alterations.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Indian poverty debates '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The level of poverty in India has been a matter of intense discussion for years. Earlier this year in January, State Bank of India Research estimated using 2023-24 HCES data that poverty in rural areas was 4.86 per cent and 4.09 per cent in urban areas. These estimates were based on inflation-adjusted 2023-24 poverty lines of Rs 1,632 for rural areas and Rs 1,944 for urban areas.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A couple of other attempts back in 2022 sparked what development economist Justin Sandefur called ‘The Great Indian Poverty Debate, 2.0’, alluding to the 2005 book by Nobel laureate Angus Deaton. In April 2022, two separate papers were published under the aegis of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB), respectively. In the absence of HCES data post 2011-12, the two papers attempted to use alternate data sets to estimate poverty in India but reached rather different conclusions.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The WB working paper – helpfully titled ‘Poverty in India Has Declined over the Last Decade But Not As Much As Previously Thought’ – concluded that poverty stood at 10.2 per cent in 2019. The IMF working paper, co-authored by economist Surjit Bhalla – then the Indian government’s Executive Director at the Fund – asserted that the poverty rate was a much lower 0.8 per cent in 2019, aided by the government’s food transfers.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Multidimensional poverty ''' </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As far as the government is concerned, poverty lines are seemingly a thing of the past. What matters now is multidimensional poverty, which goes beyond just money and consumption. Based on the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), the Indian MPI looks at poverty through three lenses: health, education, and standard of living. These are represented by 12 indicators: nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, housing, electricity, assets, and bank account.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The global MPI does not take maternal health and bank accounts into consideration while measuring poverty.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The government said in January 2024 that 24.82 crore people had escaped multidimensional poverty in the last nine years, with multidimensional poverty reducing from 29.17 per cent in 2013-14 to 11.28 per cent in 2022-23. According to the World Bank, India’s poverty headcount ratio stood at 23.9 per cent in 2022 at the $4.2 per day international poverty line for lower-middle-income countries.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Development|PPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">POVERTY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==1991, 2011-2022 ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==1991, 2011-2022 ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=137574&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Inability to afford a healthy diet: 2017> 2024 */2025-08-21T18:48:47Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Inability to afford a healthy diet: 2017> 2024</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Inability to afford a healthy diet: 2017> 2024==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Inability to afford a healthy diet: 2017> 2024==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File: Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= </del>2017- 2024.jpg|Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka: 2017> 2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=09_08_2025_012_002_cap_TOI  August 9, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File: Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">- </ins>2017- 2024.jpg|Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka: 2017> 2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=09_08_2025_012_002_cap_TOI  August 9, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''See graphic''':</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''See graphic''':</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=137569&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Urban poverty */2025-08-21T18:28:50Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Urban poverty</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>“Going by the recommen dation of Hashim panel, 41% households in urban areas could have been included for assessment to find whether they are eligible for getting benefits from government schemes. But the Debroy panel recommendations will make 59% households eligible for this assessment,“ said a source.The panel has said categorising of householdspopulation as BPL or above poverty line would be a misnomer.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>“Going by the recommen dation of Hashim panel, 41% households in urban areas could have been included for assessment to find whether they are eligible for getting benefits from government schemes. But the Debroy panel recommendations will make 59% households eligible for this assessment,“ said a source.The panel has said categorising of householdspopulation as BPL or above poverty line would be a misnomer.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Inability to afford a healthy diet: 2017> 2024==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka= 2017- 2024.jpg|Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka: 2017> 2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=09_08_2025_012_002_cap_TOI  August 9, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''See graphic''':</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' Inability to afford a healthy diet in Bangladesh, China,  India,  Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. : 2017> 2024 ''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Poverty Line=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Poverty Line=</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=136808&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2011-12: Falls from 21% in 2011-12 to 8.5% in (2023)- NCAER */2025-06-26T12:45:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2011-12: Falls from 21% in 2011-12 to 8.5% in (2023)- NCAER</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> It proposed that identifying and keeping the core set limited and fully funded is the challenge. “Massive expansion of the number of programs without concomitant resource increase would render this approach futile,” the paper said while detailing the reasons for making universal programs for a limited set of basic safety nets.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> It proposed that identifying and keeping the core set limited and fully funded is the challenge. “Massive expansion of the number of programs without concomitant resource increase would render this approach futile,” the paper said while detailing the reasons for making universal programs for a limited set of basic safety nets.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Development|PPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2011-23</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">World Bank’s analysis==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">POVERTY: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//epaper.indiatimes.com/article</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">share?article=26_04_2025_112_014_cap_TOI  April 26, 2025</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Economy</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Industry-Resources|PPOVERTY</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">POVERTY: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:India<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|PPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">New Delhi </ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Over the past decade, </ins>India <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">has significantly reduced poverty with extreme poverty declining from 16.2% in 2011-12 to 2.3% in 202223, lifting 171 million people above the poverty line, a World Bank report said.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">POVERTY: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Name|ALPHABETPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Rural extreme poverty dropped from 18.4% to 2.8% and urban from 10.7% to 1.1%, narrowing the ruralurban gap from 7.7 to 1.7 percentage points — a 16% annual decline, according to the multilateral agency’s Poverty and Equity Brief.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">POVERTY: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Pages </del>with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">broken file links|POVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “India also transitioned into the lower-middle-income category. Using the $3.65 per day LMIC (lower middle income country) poverty line, poverty fell from 61.8% to 28.1%, lifting 378 million people out of poverty,” said the report.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">POVERTY: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> It said rural poverty dropped from 69% to 32.5%, and urban poverty from 43.5% to 17.2%, reducing the rural-urban gap from 25 to 15 percentage points </ins>with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a 7% annual decline. The five most populous states — Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh — accounted for 65% of the country’s extreme poor in 2011-12 and contributed to two-thirds of the overall decline in extreme poverty by 202223, according to the report.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “Nevertheless, these states still accounted for 54% of India’s extremely poor (2022-23) and 51% of the multidimensionally poor (2019-21). As measured by the multidimensional poverty index (MPI), non-monetary poverty declined from 53.8% in 2005-06 to 16.4% by 2019-21,” it said.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measure is at 15.5% in 2022-23. India’s consumption-based Gini index improved from 28.8 in 201112 to 25.5 in 2022-23, though inequality may be underestimated due to data limitations. In contrast, the World Inequality Database shows income inequality rising from a Gini of 52 in 2004 to 62 in 2023.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> It said employment growth has outpaced the working-age population since 2021-22. Employment rates, especially among women, are rising, and urban unemployment fell to 6.6% in Q1 FY24/25, the lowest since 2017-18. “Recent data indicates a shift of male workers from rural to urban areas for the first time since 2018-19, while rural female employment in agriculture has grown,” said the report. TNN</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=136628&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2005-22 */2025-06-11T16:15:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2005-22</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Multidimensional Poverty Index, some facts ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Multidimensional Poverty Index, some facts ''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_06_2025_012_020_cap_TOI  June 8, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Poverty line, 2011-23.jpg|Poverty line, 2011-23 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_06_2025_012_020_cap_TOI  June 8, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">New Delhi : India’s extreme poverty rate has fallen sharply over the past decade after the World Bank updated its international poverty line definition, and included updated data in its June upgrade of the methodology.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Based on the update, latest WB data showed the extreme poverty rate had declined from 27.1% in 2011-12 to 5.3% in 2022-23. The number of people living in extreme poverty also fell sharply during this period from 344.47 million in 2011-12 to 75.24 million in 2022-23. This would mean nearly 270 million were lifted out of extreme poverty during this period. In a blog, WB said the international poverty line for low-income countries has been raised to $3 per person per day from the existing $2.15 per person per day; for lower middle-income countries, it’s changed from $3.65 to $4.20 per day; and for upper middle-income countries it went up from $6.85 to $8.40.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Given India’s inflation rate, between 2017 and 2021, a revised extreme poverty line of $3 would constitute a 15% higher threshold than $2.15 expressed in 2021 prices, and result in a 5.3% poverty rate in 2022-23. A new LMIC line of $4.20 would imply a 5% lower threshold for poverty than $3.65 adjusted in 2021 prices and yield a poverty rate of 23.9%, according to WB.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Using the new poverty line for low middle-income countries (LMIC), which is at $4.20 per day per person, India’s poverty rate fell to 23.9% in 202223 from 57.7% in 2011-12. The number of people in extreme poverty was down from 732.48 million in 2011-12 to 342.32 million in 2022-23, according to the data available on WB’s Poverty and Inequality Platform. Free and subsidised food transfers supported poverty reduction, and the rural-urban poverty gap narrowed. The five most populous states account for 54% of the extremely poor, it had said.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> According to the poverty and equity brief published by WB in April, extreme poverty (living on less than $2.15 per day) fell from 16.2% in 2011-12 to 2.3% in 2022-23, lifting 171 million people above this line. Rural extreme poverty dropped from 18.4% to 2.8%, and urban from 10.7% to 1.1% , narrowing rural-urban gap from 7.7 to 1.7 percentage points — a 16% annual decline.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> It had also said India has transitioned into the lower middle-income category. Using the $3.65 per day LMIC poverty line, poverty fell from 61.8% to 28.1%, lifting 378 million people out of poverty. Rural poverty dropped from 69% to 32.5%, and urban poverty from 43.5% to 17.2%, reducing the rural-urban gap from 25 to 15 percentage points with a 7% annual decline.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The updated WB data is expected to come as a shot in the arm for the govt and bolster its record of handling the economy and pursuing policies to push inclusive growth and lift millions out of poverty.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Last year, Niti Aayog CEO BVR Subhramanyam hadindicated that the poverty level could be less than 5% based on preliminary estimates on the household consumption expenditure (HCES) data released by the statistics office. WB has said in recent years, the scope and quality of information provided by household surveys has improved enormously, particularly in low-income and lower-middle-income countries, offering a clearer view into people’s welfare and day-to-day lives.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Several research papers have also indicated the reduction in extreme poverty over the last decade thanks to robust growth. A survey released last year estimated poverty to have declined to 8.5% from 21% in 2011-12 and pointed out that chronic poverty has come down but there is a significant proportion of people who can slip back into poverty due to “accident of life”.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> WB, which introduced the international poverty line (IPL) in 1990, has undertaken several updates to include changing prices and costs, and the latest update was undertaken on June 5. The first update to the IPL happened in 2001, with subsequent revisions in 2008, 2015, 2022, and more recently this month. This update, which also applies to poverty lines for middleincome countries, follows the release last year of a new set of PPPs based on prices collected in 2021 by International Comparison Programme. It also reflects changes in national poverty lines, which is a big reason for the increase, especially for the line that tracks extreme poverty, according to WB.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Development|PPOVERTY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIAPOVERTY</ins>: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>POVERTY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>POVERTY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=135578&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 202?: Best and worst states */2025-04-09T20:01:26Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">202?: Best and worst states</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When highly subsidised food under the National Food Security Act was first proposed, some economists feared fiscal disaster. One calculated that the food subsidy might be as much as 3% of GDP. In practice it was less than half as much. Besides, GDP grew much faster than the food subsidy, making it fiscally very affordable. Even with an expanded ration of 10 kg per head after Covid, the food subsidy came to barely one percent of GDP in 2022. With Covid petering out and reversion to the original ration of 5 kg per head (now totally free), the fiscal cost will fall to just 0. 63% of GDP. That demonstrates how rapid GDP growth makes welfare benefits affordable.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When highly subsidised food under the National Food Security Act was first proposed, some economists feared fiscal disaster. One calculated that the food subsidy might be as much as 3% of GDP. In practice it was less than half as much. Besides, GDP grew much faster than the food subsidy, making it fiscally very affordable. Even with an expanded ration of 10 kg per head after Covid, the food subsidy came to barely one percent of GDP in 2022. With Covid petering out and reversion to the original ration of 5 kg per head (now totally free), the fiscal cost will fall to just 0. 63% of GDP. That demonstrates how rapid GDP growth makes welfare benefits affordable.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">202?</del>: Best and worst states==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2025</ins>: Best and worst states==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=19_03_2025_011_009_cap_TOI  March 19, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=19_03_2025_011_009_cap_TOI  March 19, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>India’s best and worst states: The percentage of population below the poverty line, presumably in the early 2020s</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>India’s best and worst states: The percentage of population below the poverty line, presumably in the early 2020s</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=135577&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 1991, 2011-2022 */2025-04-09T19:58:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">1991, 2011-2022</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>An IMF working paper by Bhalla, Bhasin and Virmani (henceforth called BBV) has come out with a series of poverty projections based on different assumptions, the most optimistic of which shows extreme poverty virtually disappearing at just 0. 86% of the population (12 million people). (This is based on the World Bank’s extreme poverty line of consumption of $1. 9 per day). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>An IMF working paper by Bhalla, Bhasin and Virmani (henceforth called BBV) has come out with a series of poverty projections based on different assumptions, the most optimistic of which shows extreme poverty virtually disappearing at just 0. 86% of the population (12 million people). (This is based on the World Bank’s extreme poverty line of consumption of $1. 9 per day).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Is this plausible? If so, how much credit goes to the BJP? Listing the estimates of all research papers can be boring. But all show that poverty has plummeted after the economic reforms of 1991 that helped accelerate GDP growth. Clearly fast growth is the best poverty alleviator.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Is this plausible? If so, how much credit goes to the BJP? Listing the estimates of all research papers can be boring. But all show that poverty has plummeted after the economic reforms of 1991 that helped accelerate GDP growth. Clearly fast growth is the best poverty alleviator.  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> India is a land of a thousand statistical debates. A World Bank study last year by Roy and Weide estimated that poverty declined from 22. 5% (270 million people) in 2011 to 10. 2% (140 million people) in 2019. This was very substantial but nowhere near the IMF estimates. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> India is a land of a thousand statistical debates. A World Bank study last year by Roy and Weide estimated that poverty declined from 22. 5% (270 million people) in 2011 to 10. 2% (140 million people) in 2019. This was very substantial but nowhere near the IMF estimates. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Noah Smith, a prominent US blogger-economist, startled Americans by tweeting a chart citing the World Poverty Clock and The Washington Post, showing poverty crashing in just six years in India, from 124 million in 2016 to just 15 million in 2022.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Noah Smith, a prominent US blogger-economist, startled Americans by tweeting a chart citing the World Poverty Clock and The Washington Post, showing poverty crashing in just six years in India, from 124 million in 2016 to just 15 million in 2022.  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> I was about to protest that this was too good to be true. But then Smith himself tweeted additional charts with very different estimates based on different assumptions. A longterm chart from India’s country profile in the World Bank’s website used an updated poverty line of $2. 15 at 2017 prices. This showed the poverty ratio plummeting from 47. 6% (441 million people) in 1993 to 10.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> I was about to protest that this was too good to be true. But then Smith himself tweeted additional charts with very different estimates based on different assumptions. A longterm chart from India’s country profile in the World Bank’s website used an updated poverty line of $2. 15 at 2017 prices. This showed the poverty ratio plummeting from 47. 6% (441 million people) in 1993 to 10.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>0% (138 million people) in 2019. The poverty ratio declined throughout the whole period when many different parties ruled. Both the Congress party (which ruled in 1991-96 and 2004-14) and the BJP (which ruled in 1998-2004 and 2014 onwards) can claim credit. In what roughly corresponds to the Manmohan Singh era, poverty fell from 39. 9% (453 million people) in 2004 to 18. 7% (248 million people) in 2015. This favourable trend continued after Modi came to power, with the poverty ratio falling further to 10% (138 million people) by 2019.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>0% (138 million people) in 2019. The poverty ratio declined throughout the whole period when many different parties ruled. Both the Congress party (which ruled in 1991-96 and 2004-14) and the BJP (which ruled in 1998-2004 and 2014 onwards) can claim credit. In what roughly corresponds to the Manmohan Singh era, poverty fell from 39. 9% (453 million people) in 2004 to 18. 7% (248 million people) in 2015. This favourable trend continued after Modi came to power, with the poverty ratio falling further to 10% (138 million people) by 2019.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> Poverty used to be estimated through five-year surveys of consumption, but no such survey data is available after 2011. So, the IMF researchers assume that consumption for all classes has risen in line with GDP growth since 2011. They make further adjustments for high food subsidies. The 2013 Food Security Act mandated 5 kg per head of rice at Rs 3/kg or wheat at Rs 2/kg for poorer people. In addition, when Covid struck, the government mandated an additional five kgs per head absolutely free. With the end of Covid, the additional ration has ended but the original ration is now free. Adjusting for cheap food is important to accurately estimate poverty.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> Poverty used to be estimated through five-year surveys of consumption, but no such survey data is available after 2011. So, the IMF researchers assume that consumption for all classes has risen in line with GDP growth since 2011. They make further adjustments for high food subsidies. The 2013 Food Security Act mandated 5 kg per head of rice at Rs 3/kg or wheat at Rs 2/kg for poorer people. In addition, when Covid struck, the government mandated an additional five kgs per head absolutely free. With the end of Covid, the additional ration has ended but the original ration is now free. Adjusting for cheap food is important to accurately estimate poverty.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When highly subsidised food under the National Food Security Act was first proposed, some economists feared fiscal disaster. One calculated that the food subsidy might be as much as 3% of GDP. In practice it was less than half as much. Besides, GDP grew much faster than the food subsidy, making it fiscally very affordable. Even with an expanded ration of 10 kg per head after Covid, the food subsidy came to barely one percent of GDP in 2022. With Covid petering out and reversion to the original ration of 5 kg per head (now totally free), the fiscal cost will fall to just 0. 63% of GDP. That demonstrates how rapid GDP growth makes welfare benefits affordable.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When highly subsidised food under the National Food Security Act was first proposed, some economists feared fiscal disaster. One calculated that the food subsidy might be as much as 3% of GDP. In practice it was less than half as much. Besides, GDP grew much faster than the food subsidy, making it fiscally very affordable. Even with an expanded ration of 10 kg per head after Covid, the food subsidy came to barely one percent of GDP in 2022. With Covid petering out and reversion to the original ration of 5 kg per head (now totally free), the fiscal cost will fall to just 0. 63% of GDP. That demonstrates how rapid GDP growth makes welfare benefits affordable.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Development|PPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==202?: Best and worst states==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=19_03_2025_011_009_cap_TOI  March 19, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' Kerala, Goa Have Eliminated Poverty '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' More than 30% of people in Bihar struggle with deprivations that affect multiple aspects of life. Only 0.6% of people in Kerala face a similar situation. ''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Multidimensionally Poor…</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">...Making up more than 20% of the state's population</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bihar – 33.8%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jharkhand – 28.8%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Meghalaya – 27.8%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Uttar Pradesh – 22.9%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Madhya Pradesh – 20.6%</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">...Making up less than 5%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Delhi – 3.4%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sikkim – 2.6%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tamil Nadu – 2.2%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Goa – 0.8%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kerala – 0.6%</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Source: NITI Aayog</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India’s best and worst states: The percentage of population below the poverty line, presumably in the early 2020s</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|POVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|POVERTY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY</ins>: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIAPOVERTY: INDIA</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=134469&oldid=prevJyoti: /* In brief */2025-01-05T19:17:36Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">In brief</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>''' ...but worst poverty in Africa '''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>''' ...but worst poverty in Africa '''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Unlike the Indian subcontinent where rates of child mortality, school admission and access to electricity have improved over the years, the poor in Africa are behind on these measures, in addition to lacking nutrition, proper housing, clean cooking fuel, etc.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Unlike the Indian subcontinent where rates of child mortality, school admission and access to electricity have improved over the years, the poor in Africa are behind on these measures, in addition to lacking nutrition, proper housing, clean cooking fuel, etc.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2005>21: falls from 55% to 16%; 10 poverties remains==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=21_12_2024_028_017_cap_TOI  Dec 21, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: India MPI across indicators, 2005-21.jpg|India MPI across indicators, 2005-21 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=21_12_2024_028_017_cap_TOI  Dec 21, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Worst performing states by MPI indicator, 2024.jpg|Worst performing states by MPI indicator, 2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=21_12_2024_028_017_cap_TOI  Dec 21, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' 1 Over 40 Cr Have Beaten Poverty In 15 Yrs '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Multidimensional poverty measures diverse socio-economic indicators to provide a comprehensive picture of well-being. Between 2005-06 and 2019-21, the share of Indians facing multidimensional poverty fell from 55% to 16%. In absolute terms the number came down from 64 crore to 23 crore. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' 2 Gains Span The Kitchen And Classroom '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Niti Aayog’s Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) seeks to measure poverty that goes beyond traditional income-based metrics. The three dimensions of health, education, and standard of living are further broken down into 10 indicators, all of which have seen substantial improvements in recent years. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' 3 But Big Picture Hides Stark Differences '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Despite the overall decrease in MPI, certain states continue to lag, pulling the national average down. Bihar, Jharkhand and UP are among the states with the highest levels of multidimensional poverty, facing persistent challenges across multiple indicators, including nutrition, sanitation, and education. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' 4 North, North-East Lag The Most '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Poor nutrition is a major contributor to multidimensional poverty in nearly every state while those with better access to education and healthcare services tend to have lower MPI scores. Investment in health, education, and living standards can drive improvements that would further reduce multidimensional poverty.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Multi-dimensional poverty index==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Multi-dimensional poverty index==</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=132087&oldid=prevJyoti: /* India: 2005-21= */2024-07-13T10:06:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">India: 2005-21=</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Multi-dimensional poverty index==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Multi-dimensional poverty index==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==India: 2005-21===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins>==India: 2005-21===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=21_07_2023_028_004_cap_TOI  July 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=21_07_2023_028_004_cap_TOI  July 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan  Sri Lanka on the Multi-dimensional poverty index, 2021 ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan  Sri Lanka on the Multi-dimensional poverty index, 2021 ''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Bihar, with its dismal scores across key development indicators such as nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, sanitation and electricity, has topped the list of states with the largest share of population who are poor, according to a report released by the government think tank Niti Aayog.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Bihar, with its dismal scores across key development indicators such as nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, sanitation and electricity, has topped the list of states with the largest share of population who are poor, according to a report released by the government think tank Niti Aayog.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://103.153.58.85/ind/index.php?title=Poverty:_India&diff=132083&oldid=prevJyoti: /* 2011-12: Falls from 21% in 2011-12 to 8.5% in (2023?)- NCAER */2024-07-13T09:58:54Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2011-12: Falls from 21% in 2011-12 to 8.5% in (2023?)- NCAER</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If calculated on a daily basis, this translates into a per capita expenditure of Rs 32 per day in rural areas and Rs 47 per day in urban areas in 2011-12.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If calculated on a daily basis, this translates into a per capita expenditure of Rs 32 per day in rural areas and Rs 47 per day in urban areas in 2011-12.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=03_07_2024_018_015_cap_TOI  Sidhartha & Surojit Gupta, July 3, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=03_07_2024_018_015_cap_TOI  Sidhartha & Surojit Gupta, July 3, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A paper by economists led by Sonalde Desai of think tank NCAER, which was released on Tuesday, estimated a sharper fall in headcount poverty ratios in rural areas — from 24.8% in 2011-12 to 8.6% now. In urban areas it decreased from 13.4% to 8.4%.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A paper by economists led by Sonalde Desai of think tank NCAER, which was released on Tuesday, estimated a sharper fall in headcount poverty ratios in rural areas — from 24.8% in 2011-12 to 8.6% now. In urban areas it decreased from 13.4% to 8.4%.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> The estimates are higher than SBI Research, which used the NSSO’s Household Consumption Expenditure Survey to estimate rural poverty at 7.2% and urban at 4.6%. In March, former RBI governor C Rangarajan and economist S Mahendra Dev have estimated India’s poverty rate to have declined to 10.8% in 2022-23, compared to 2011-12, based on HCES. Niti Aayog CEO B V R Subhramanyam had recently indicated that the poverty level could be less than 5% based on preliminary estimates on the household consumption expenditure data released by the statistics office.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> The estimates are higher than SBI Research, which used the NSSO’s Household Consumption Expenditure Survey to estimate rural poverty at 7.2% and urban at 4.6%. In March, former RBI governor C Rangarajan and economist S Mahendra Dev have estimated India’s poverty rate to have declined to 10.8% in 2022-23, compared to 2011-12, based on HCES. Niti Aayog CEO B V R Subhramanyam had recently indicated that the poverty level could be less than 5% based on preliminary estimates on the household consumption expenditure data released by the statistics office.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> It proposed that identifying and keeping the core set limited and fully funded is the challenge. “Massive expansion of the number of programs without concomitant resource increase would render this approach futile,” the paper said while detailing the reasons for making universal programs for a limited set of basic safety nets.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> It proposed that identifying and keeping the core set limited and fully funded is the challenge. “Massive expansion of the number of programs without concomitant resource increase would render this approach futile,” the paper said while detailing the reasons for making universal programs for a limited set of basic safety nets.</div></td></tr>
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