Republic Day, India - Revision history

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‎The sources of this article…

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‎Guests of honour

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‎Guests of honour

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‎Guests of honour

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‎Guests of honour

Jyoti: /* The history of the parade */

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‎The history of the parade

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‎Its Content

Jyoti: /* The history of the parade */

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‎The history of the parade

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 [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Five-things-to-know-about-66th-Republic-Day/articleshow/46016548.cms?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=digest_section  AFP | Jan 26, 2015]
 =The history of the parade=
 January 26 marks the day in 1950 when India adopted its constitution, after gaining independence from Britain in 1947.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:14, 2 February 2023
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	8. The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.		8. The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.

		+	=Military parades on R-Day=
		+	==The significance==
		+	[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-republic-day-military-parade-significance-8405248/?utm_source=newzmate&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=explained&utm_content=6386461&pnespid=D7Yx.x9B8HgTmwyJ55fdDVlBqk0hy7Jmp1lURLodb8DKuHzBOpjWHceQYwjXzlNzw3iKc2Dn Written by Arjun Sengupta, January 27, 2023: ''The Indian Express'']
		+
		+
		+	For most Indians, the parade in New Delhi remains Republic Day’s most enduring symbol. A grand show of India’s military might, as well as its diverse culture, the Republic Day parade holds a close place in many Indian hearts.
		+
		+	But why do the celebrations include a parade at all? What does a military parade have to do with promulgating the constitution? We explain.
		+
		+	''' Military parades: public shows of power since ancient times '''
		+
		+	There is a historical link between strong displays of soldiers and weaponry, and national pride. Accounts dating as far back as the Mesopotamian civilisation mention marching soldiers. Through the sacred Gate of Ishtar in Babylon, returning warrior kings would march into the city down a passage flanked by 60 giant lion statues on either side, with murals of the gods smiling upon them. In the heydey of the Roman Empire, victorious generals would lead a procession into the capital, surrounded by frenzied crowds on all sides.
		+
		+	The reason being, through the grand show of force that an organised marching contingent of soldiers displayed, legacies of triumph and near-mystical power were forged in the minds of onlookers and beyond. As empires gave way to nation-states, the tone of the military parade continued to remain the same. With rising nationalism in Europe in the 19th century, military parades became national symbols that were supposed to capture the collective frenzy of a nation’s inhabitants into feelings of nationalism.
		+
		+	The Prussian army (with Prussia consisting largely of modern-day Germany) is said to have been the pioneer of modern military parades. From the notorious “goose-step,” that would become a symbol of the Nazi army, to many of the popular formations seen today, all can be traced back to Prussia.
		+
		+	''' A relic of India’s colonial past '''
		+
		+	During the British Raj, royal parades and processions were commonplace. They projected British power not only to Indians but to the rest of the world, especially, to its competing European colonial powers. As India gained its independence, it continued with many erstwhile British traditions – the parade being one of them.
		+
		+	A military parade marked India’s first Republic Day in 1950. At the time, the country’s leaders wanted to commemorate the occasion as a day of national celebration. While the day marked India’s new constitution officially coming into effect, leaders saw it as a day of victory for the Indian state and its people – victory against colonial rule and the coming of a new, sovereign and strong republic. Thus, the military parade was chosen as an integral part of Republic Day celebrations.
		+
		+	''' The parades keep getting grander '''
		+
		+	The parade in 1950 was held in the Irwin Amphitheatre (presently known as the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium). The ceremony included the official swearing-in of Dr Rajendra Prasad, India’s first President, as well as a marching contingent of over “3000 men” with the artillery firing a “21 gun salute” and “Liberator planes of the Indian Air Force flying overhead,” wrote historian Ram Chandra Guha in India After Gandhi.
		+
		+	As the parade shifted to Rajpath (now Kartavya Path), its scale grew grander. In its new setting, the imagery of the parade was also different, replete with colonial symbols that were being reimagined as national images. From the erstwhile Viceroy’s house to the memorial for British Indian soldiers that we know today as India Gate, over time, these colonial creations underwent a process of “Indianisation” as their colonial associations were systematically pushed out of the public consciousness and a new meaning was provided to them.
		+
		+	''' A symbol of unity in diversity '''
		+
		+	Moreover, the Republic Day parade soon began to include many non-military elements as well. The iconic tableaux became an integral part of the event, not only adding colour to the stoic military tone of the parade but also becoming symbols of India’s diverse culture.
		+
		+	In the 1950s and 1960s, there were still significant tensions between India and many of its states, mainly due to linguistic differences and fears of cultural imposition. The tableaux showing various states were introduced as a way to celebrate India’s differences while espousing a coherent national identity.
		+
		+	“For Indians, the parade is primarily a symbolic affair that reinforces their identity as part of a powerful republic,” historian Srinath Raghavan told the BBC. For many Indians, it is also an expression of their regional identities. Through a military parade held on a day of national significance, replete with nationalist imagery and commentary, these regional identities often then become absorbed in the larger ideas of Indian nationalism.
		+
		+	[[Category:Government\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]

	=Tableaux =		=Tableaux =

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 ==Trivia==
 [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/8-fascinating-facts-about-indias-republic-day-guests/articleshow/80381858.cms  V Kumara Swamy, January 24, 2022: ''The Times of India'']
 The Republic Day celebrations will go ahead this year without any foreign leader as a chief guest, the second year in a row when the event has been affected by the fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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 . The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.
 =Parade=

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 30 August 2022
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	8. The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.		8. The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.
		+
		+	=Parade=
		+	==2020: Remount Veterinary Corps==
		+	[http://epaperbeta.timesofindi=a.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=After-26-yrs-K-9-unit-on-Rajpath-27012016004045 ''The Times of India''], Jan 27 2016
		+
		+	'''After 26 yrs, K-9 unit on Rajpath'''
		+
		+
		+	A glimpse of India's canine might amid the country's military prowess got the crowd to their feet when a squad of 36 dogs and their handlers marched down Rajpath during the 67th Republic Day Parade.
		+	It was after a gap of 26 years that the Republic Day parade saw a canine contingent. Decked up in striped maroon and gold coats and marching past in coordinated strides, the “silent warriors“ of the Indian Army belonging to the Remount Veterinary Corps were led by Captain Anurag Chandram Hati Boruah.
		+
		+	The contingent comprised German Shepherds and Labra dors specially trained in explosives and mine detection, tracking, guarding and attack.
		+
		+	The marching canines were chosen out of 1,200 Army dogs and trained for weeks for the parade. The dogs and trainers have won a Shaurya Chakra, six Sena Medals, 143 Chief of the Army Staff Commendation Cards and six Vice Chief of the Army Staff Commendation Cards. The dogs have been apart of operations in J&K and the Northeast and have helped in detecting explosives.
		+
		+	The handlers also wore drill boots to avoid injuring the dogs. Instead of extending their left foot in the at-ease position, they extended their right foot to synchronise their steps with the dogs.
		+
		+	[[Category:Government\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]

	=Prime Ministers=		=Prime Ministers=

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 29 August 2022
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	8. The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.		8. The rulers of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (1954), Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1984 and 2005), Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2013), royals from the same dynasty (father, son and grandson), have attended the parades. And all three have been invited as Guests of Honour at the Indian Republic Day celebrations on four different occasions.
		+
		+	=Prime Ministers=
		+	== PM Modi's R-Day turbans, 2017-22==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/republicday-a-look-at-pm-modis-traditional-turbans-in-last-five-years/photostory/80463545.cms Jan 26, 2021: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	The Prime Minister wore different colours of turbans in the Republic Day parades.
		+
		+	On the occasion of 72nd Republic Day celebrations, Prime Minister Narendra Modi donned a traditional pagdi from Jamnagar. From bandhej to bandhani, PM Modi’s traditional turbans worn with tailored kurta or a bandhgala have always made a strong statement. Take a look at some popular pagdis worn by the PM in the last five years.
		+
		+
		+	A special pagdi from Jamnagar (2021)
		+	Prime Minister Modi wore a special 'Pagdi' from Jamnagar. The first such pagdi was reportedly gifted to the PM by the royal family of Jamnagar, Gujarat
		+
		+
		+	A saffron bandhej safa (2020)
		+	PM Modi sported a saffron 'bandhej' headgear with a tail for the 71st Republic Day
		+
		+
		+	Mustard Rajasthani safa (2019)
		+	Red and mustard Rajasthani safa worn with kurta pyjama and bandhgala jacket was much-talked about in 2019
		+
		+
		+	Multicoloured pagdi in bandhani (2018)
		+	PM Modi’s colourful pagdi went well with black bandhgala jacket and kurta pyjama
		+
		+
		+	Pink Chanderi turban (2017)
		+	PM Modi wore a pink silver zari striped Chanderi turban at the 68th Republic Day celebrations

	[[Category:Government\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA		[[Category:Government\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA

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 ) Ever since 1950, when Indonesian President Sukarno was invited as the 'Guest of Honour' for the first parade, India had up to three world leaders as its 'Guests of Honour' at different times, but, in 2018, for the first ever, it had as many as 10 leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), as its 'Guests of Honour'.
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 [[Category:India|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
 REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
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 =Its Content=

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:58, 18 January 2022
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	Columns of uniformed troops will march down New Delhi's broad Rajpath avenue as helicopters shower the crowds with petals.		Columns of uniformed troops will march down New Delhi's broad Rajpath avenue as helicopters shower the crowds with petals.
		+
		+	= Tableaux=
		+	==How the tableaux are designed and selected==
		+	[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-republic-day-tableaux-designed-selected-7727672/?utm_source=newzmate&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=explained&utm_content=6386461&pnespid=D_QoqlNRsScWik2Q_sHQDx9RohY93q4sqgUXGqseYp7K6BvZruhatElz5c7DhcJvg74HsEOn Krishn Kaushik, January 18, 2022: ''The Indian Express'']
		+
		+	''' When does the process to decide the tableaux start and who can participate? '''
		+
		+	Around September every year the Defence Ministry, which is responsible for the Republic Day parade and the celebrations, invites all the states, the Union Territories, Central Government departments, and a few constitutional authorities to participate in the parade through tableaux.
		+
		+	The Defence Ministry wrote letters to the 80 Union Ministries and departments, all 36 states and Union Territories through their secretaries, and the Election Commission and the Niti Aayog on September 16, inviting them to participate. The letter mentioned that it “initiates the process of inviting tableau proposals for participation” in the Republic Day parade.
		+
		+	The proposals had to be submitted by September 27, and the shortlisting of the proposals began in the second week of October.
		+
		+	''' Can the participating states or central government departments depict anything through their tableaux? '''
		+
		+	The participants have to showcase elements relevant to their state/ UT/ department, within the overarching theme. The theme given to participants this year was around 75 years of India’s Independence. The theme, the government told willing participants is India@75 – Freedom struggle, Ideas @ 75, Achievements @ 75, Actions @ 75 and Resolve @ 75.
		+
		+	The Defence Ministry also shares the basic guidelines about what all the tableaux can or should include. The participating entities must engage “young qualified designers from renowned institutions”, electronic display walls for bright display of images or content, moving elements using robotics or mechatronics, 3D printing could be used for certain elements, use of augmented or virtual reality, and special effects to improve the optics and visual effects of the tableau.
		+
		+	The tableaux of two different states/ UTs cannot be too similar, as the tableaux, together, should showcase the diversity of the country.
		+
		+	The tableaux cannot have any writing or use of logos, except for the name of the state/ UT/ department, which should be written in Hindi on the front, English on the back, and a regional language on the sides.
		+
		+	The Defence Ministry also asked the participants to use eco-friendly material for the tableaux, and avoid the use of plastic or plastic-based products.
		+
		+	''' How are the tableaux selected? '''
		+
		+	The selection process is elaborate and time-consuming. The Defence Ministry constitutes an expert committee of distinguished persons from fields like art, culture, painting, sculpture, music, architecture, choreography, etc, who help in shortlisting the tableaux from the proposals.
		+
		+	First, the submitted sketches or designs of the proposals are scrutinised by this committee, which can make suggestions for any modifications in the sketch or design. The sketch should be simple, colouful, easy to comprehend and should avoid unnecessary detail. It should be self-explanatory, and should not need any written elaboration.
		+
		+	If there is a traditional dance involved with the tableau, it should be a folk dance, and the costumes and musical instruments should be traditional and authentic. The proposal should include a video clipping of the dance.
		+
		+	Once approved, the next stage is for the participants to come up with three dimensional models for their proposals, which are again examined by the expert committee for final selection, taking in view several criteria.
		+
		+	In making the final selection the committee looks at a combination of factors, looking at the visual appeal, impact on the masses, idea/ theme of the tableaux, degree of detail involved, accompanying music, among other factors.
		+
		+	The committee meets for around half a dozen rounds over a number of days, eliminating and shortlisting the proposals as they go along. Only those who are shortlisted, are informed about the next round.
		+
		+	The letter inviting participation stressed: “Final selection does not guarantee movement on Rajpath in the final parade, if it has not been created in terms of the final approved version during selection round.”
		+
		+	The Defence Ministry recommends the participants to try and not engage any firm or fabricator that are involved in creation of two tableaux, including their own.
		+
		+	''' Do they have to be of a particular size? '''
		+
		+	The Defence Ministry provides each participant with one tractor and one trailer, and the tableau should fit on that. The ministry prohibits use of any additional tractor or trailer, or even any other vehicle to be part of it. However, the participant can replace their ministry-provided tractor or trailer with other vehicles, but the total number should not be more than two vehicles.
		+
		+	The tractor has to be camouflaged in harmony with the tableau’s theme, and the ministry stipulates a distance of around six feet between the tractor and the trailer for turning and manoeuvering.
		+
		+	The participants can add ground elements on some tableaux, considering the theme.
		+
		+	The dimensions of the trailer on which the tableau will be placed is 24 feet, 8 inches long; eight feet wide; four feet two inches high; with a load bearing capacity of 10 tonnes. The tableaux should not be more than 45 feet long, 14 feet wide and 16 feet high from the ground.
		+
		+	[[Category:Government\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|R REPUBLIC DAY, INDIAREPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA
		+	REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]

	=1950=		=1950=

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 Every year, India hosts the leader of a foreign country as chief guest for the parade. Obama is the first US president to be guest of honour.
 =Its Content=
 The Republic Day parade is a pomp-filled spectacle that combines the Soviet-style showcasing of military hardware with carnival-style floats featuring tribal dancers and traditional music.

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 Columns of uniformed troops will march down New Delhi's broad Rajpath avenue as helicopters shower the crowds with petals.
 =2014: Expenditure=
 ''' Centre spent Rs 320 crore on R-Day in 2014: RTI '''

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 =2020=
 == Police awards ==
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F01%2F26&entity=Ar02216&sk=914928C7&mode=text  Bharti Jain, January 26, 2021: ''The Times of India'']
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 REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
 [[Category:India|R
 REPUBLIC DAY, INDIA]]
 =See also=
 [[Republic Day, India]] <>[[Republic Day, India: 1950 ]] <> [[Republic Day, India: Guests of Honour, 1951-69 ]]  <> [[Republic Day, India: Guests of Honour, 1970-79 ]] <> [[Republic Day, India: Guests of Honour, 1980-89 ]]<> [[Republic Day, India: Guests of Honour, 1990-99]] <> [[Republic Day, India: Guests of Honour, 2000-09]]<> [[Republic Day, India: Guests of Honour, 2010-19]]