Tipu Sultan - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Sword */

2023-11-19T21:46:29Z

‎Sword

Jyoti: /* Sword */

2023-06-25T19:36:50Z

‎Sword

Jyoti: /* Sporting gun */

2023-06-25T19:35:37Z

‎Sporting gun

Jyoti: /* Relationship with other kingdoms */

2023-06-25T09:18:25Z

‎Relationship with other kingdoms

Pdewan: /* N S Rangaraju’s authoritative conclusion */

2023-03-22T17:32:31Z

‎N S Rangaraju’s authoritative conclusion

Pdewan: /* See also */

2023-03-20T05:41:55Z

‎See also

Jyoti: /* Events before his birth */

2022-05-28T09:30:21Z

‎Events before his birth

Shivam: /* Tipu Sultan and the Kodavas */

2017-12-14T15:07:31Z

‎Tipu Sultan and the Kodavas

Jyoti at 16:15, 10 November 2017

2017-11-10T16:15:28Z

Jyoti: /* On religion */

2017-11-10T16:14:18Z

‎On religion

@@ Line 260: / Line 260: @@
 “This firearm is a significant antiquity as well as an illustration of the interconnected history between Britain and India,” said Parkinson. “I hope that it can be shared with the widest possible public and used to deepen our understanding of a fraught period which shaped both our nations,” he said. The decision on the export licence application for the gunwill be deferred for a period ending on September 25 following which any offers will be considered by the unnamed owners of the gun. PTI & IANS
-=Sword=
+=Swords=
-==2022 auction==
+==May 2023 auction==
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=28_05_2023_019_021_cap_TOI  Manimugdha S Sharma, May 28, 2023: ''The Times of India'']
@@ Line 274: / Line 274: @@
 On May 23 this year, another UK-based auction house, Bonhams, sold the ‘Bedchamber Sword of Tipu Sultan’ to an unnamed buyer for the equivalent of Rs 143 crore (£14 million) in London. On its website, Bonhams says: “The sword was presented to Major General David Baird, by the army ‘as a token of their high esteem of his courage and conduct in the assault which he commanded and in which Tippoo Sultaun was slain’. ” This is also the English inscription on the sword.
  Bonhams does not say how it got hold of the sword. Nor does it mention the 2003 auction at Noonans. Does it mean there are two different Tipu swords? But since the sword has been traced to David Baird in both instances, this possibility would arise only if Baird had been presented with two of Tipu’s swords after the fall of Srirangaptnam.
@@ Line 316: / Line 317: @@
 After the fall of Srirangapatnam in May 1799, Colonel Arthur Wellesley presented Tipu’s ‘Bedchamber Sword’ to Major General David Baird, who had commanded the ﬁnal charge that breached the city’s walls. As this was a breach of protocol (Wellesley was Baird’s subordinate), Lieutenant General Harris re-presented the sword to Baird.
  In time, Wellesley became more famous than both Harris and Baird. As the future Duke of Wellington, he proved Napoleon’s nemesis at Waterloo. The sword remained with the Baird family until 2003 when they gave it up for auction. But even today their family’s coat of arms has a Mysore tiger (Tipu’s) on it.
-[[Category:History|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
+==2023: 2 more swords up for auction==
-TIPU SULTAN]]
+[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=22_10_2023_017_002_cap_TOI  Naomi Canton, Oct 22, 2023: ''The Times of India'']
-[[Category:India|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
-TIPU SULTAN]]
-[[Category:Name|ALPHABETTIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
+In May this year, Tipu Sultan’s bedchamber sword sold for a record Rs 143 crore at an auction at Bonhams in London. Now, two more of Tipu’s swords, seized by the British as war trophies in 1799, have resurfaced and will go under the hammer at Christie’s.
-TIPU SULTAN]]
-[[Category:Pages with broken file links|TIPU SULTAN
+Two weeks after the fall of Seringapatam in 1799, on May 17, a ‘Committee of Prize’, appointed by the victorious Anglo-Indian army, presented several of the most important items from Tipu’s armoury to senior British civil and military personnel and the British royal family.
-TIPU SULTAN]]
+ These two swords were gifted to Charles Cornwallis, who was appointed governor-general and commander-in-chief of India in 1786. His descendants now need cash to pay for the restoration of their massive stately home, Port Eliot, near the southern coast of Cornwall.
 [[Category:History|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN

@@ Line 273: / Line 273: @@
 ''' Mallya’s Sword Auctioned Again? '''
-  On May 23 this year, another UK-based auction house, Bonhams, sold the ‘Bedchamber Sword of Tipu Sultan’ to an unnamed buyer for the equivalent of Rs 143 crore (£14 million) in London. On its website, Bonhams says: “The sword was presented to Major General David Baird, by the army ‘as a token of their high esteem of his courage and conduct in the assault which he commanded and in which Tippoo Sultaun was slain’. ” This is also the English inscription on the sword.
+On May 23 this year, another UK-based auction house, Bonhams, sold the ‘Bedchamber Sword of Tipu Sultan’ to an unnamed buyer for the equivalent of Rs 143 crore (£14 million) in London. On its website, Bonhams says: “The sword was presented to Major General David Baird, by the army ‘as a token of their high esteem of his courage and conduct in the assault which he commanded and in which Tippoo Sultaun was slain’. ” This is also the English inscription on the sword.
  Bonhams does not say how it got hold of the sword. Nor does it mention the 2003 auction at Noonans. Does it mean there are two different Tipu swords? But since the sword has been traced to David Baird in both instances, this possibility would arise only if Baird had been presented with two of Tipu’s swords after the fall of Srirangaptnam.
@@ Line 317: / Line 317: @@
 After the fall of Srirangapatnam in May 1799, Colonel Arthur Wellesley presented Tipu’s ‘Bedchamber Sword’ to Major General David Baird, who had commanded the ﬁnal charge that breached the city’s walls. As this was a breach of protocol (Wellesley was Baird’s subordinate), Lieutenant General Harris re-presented the sword to Baird.
  In time, Wellesley became more famous than both Harris and Baird. As the future Duke of Wellington, he proved Napoleon’s nemesis at Waterloo. The sword remained with the Baird family until 2003 when they gave it up for auction. But even today their family’s coat of arms has a Mysore tiger (Tipu’s) on it.
 [[Category:History|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN

@@ Line 248: / Line 248: @@
 ==UK bans its export==
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=30_05_2023_018_006_cap_TOI  May 30, 2023: ''The Times of India'']
 [[File: Tipu Sultan’s 138-cm-long firearm is made of hardwood stock with silver mounts, steel barrel chiselled and inlaid with gold and silver.jpg|Tipu Sultan’s 138-cm-long firearm is made of hardwood stock with silver mounts, steel barrel chiselled and inlaid with gold and silver <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=30_05_2023_018_006_cap_TOI  May 30, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
@@ Line 258: / Line 259: @@
 “This firearm is a significant antiquity as well as an illustration of the interconnected history between Britain and India,” said Parkinson. “I hope that it can be shared with the widest possible public and used to deepen our understanding of a fraught period which shaped both our nations,” he said. The decision on the export licence application for the gunwill be deferred for a period ending on September 25 following which any offers will be considered by the unnamed owners of the gun. PTI & IANS
 [[Category:History|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 25 June 2023
Line 244:		Line 244:

	Various historians have given different figures about the number of Kodavas who were converted. Figures range between 60,000 to 85,000.		Various historians have given different figures about the number of Kodavas who were converted. Figures range between 60,000 to 85,000.
		+
		+	=Sporting gun=
		+	==UK bans its export==
		+	[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=30_05_2023_018_006_cap_TOI May 30, 2023: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: Tipu Sultan’s 138-cm-long firearm is made of hardwood stock with silver mounts, steel barrel chiselled and inlaid with gold and silver.jpg\|Tipu Sultan’s 138-cm-long firearm is made of hardwood stock with silver mounts, steel barrel chiselled and inlaid with gold and silver <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=30_05_2023_018_006_cap_TOI May 30, 2023: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	London : Arare 18th century decorated gun made in India for Mysore ruler Tipu Sultan, and valued at around £2 million, has been barred from export to allow time for a UK-based institution to acquire it for the public study of a “fraught period” in the India-UK history and in the hope that it can be put on public display in the UK.
		+
		+	UK arts and heritage minister Stephen Parkinson took the decision last week to impose the export ban on the “Flintlock Sporting Gun” following advice from the Reviewing Committee on the Export ofWorks of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest. The 14-bore gun, dated between 1793 and 1794, was designed for shooting game and is signed by its maker Asad Khan Muhammed.
		+
		+	This British colonial-era firearm is said to have been “presented to General the Earl Cornwallis”, who previously fought Tipu Sultan between 1790 and 1792. “This superbly executed sporting gun was presented to General Earl Cornwallis, victor of the war against Tipu in 1790-92. Tipu’s personal emblems are ubiquitous, from the tiger with brass-inlaid eyes carved into the hardwood stock to the stylised tiger stripes inlaid in silver along the blued steel barrel. One of the silver mounts depicts a tiger attacking European soldiers,” noted Christopher Rowell, a member of the reviewing committee. “The mechanism allows two shots to be fired from the single barrel without reloading, revealing the probable influence of itinerant French gunmakers. Tipu’s court was sophisticated and its workshops produced a variety of fine metalwork. ”
		+
		+	“This firearm is a significant antiquity as well as an illustration of the interconnected history between Britain and India,” said Parkinson. “I hope that it can be shared with the widest possible public and used to deepen our understanding of a fraught period which shaped both our nations,” he said. The decision on the export licence application for the gunwill be deferred for a period ending on September 25 following which any offers will be considered by the unnamed owners of the gun. PTI & IANS
		+
		+	[[Category:History\|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]
		+	[[Category:India\|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]
		+	[[Category:Name\|ALPHABETTIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|TIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]

	= Tiger : The life of Tipu Sultan =		= Tiger : The life of Tipu Sultan =

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:32, 22 March 2023
Line 267:		Line 267:

	N S Rangaraju, a retired professor of ancient history and archaeology at Mysore University, earlier told The Indian Express, “Uri Gowda and Nanje Gowda were soldiers of Hyder Ali who actually saved and protected Tipu and his mother from the clutches of the Marathas in one of the wars. However, during the fourth Anglo-Mysore War — during which Tipu died — it was a treaty between one Lakshmamanni, the British, Marathas, and the Nizams that led to the meticulous planning of the attack against Tipu, including the time, place and other strategies. Tipu’s army was powerful and impenetrable … no two individuals could have killed him effortlessly.”		N S Rangaraju, a retired professor of ancient history and archaeology at Mysore University, earlier told The Indian Express, “Uri Gowda and Nanje Gowda were soldiers of Hyder Ali who actually saved and protected Tipu and his mother from the clutches of the Marathas in one of the wars. However, during the fourth Anglo-Mysore War — during which Tipu died — it was a treaty between one Lakshmamanni, the British, Marathas, and the Nizams that led to the meticulous planning of the attack against Tipu, including the time, place and other strategies. Tipu’s army was powerful and impenetrable … no two individuals could have killed him effortlessly.”
		+
		+
		+	[https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjp-stands-ground-vokkaliga-seer-pushback-narrative-on-tipu-sultans-death-8512876/ Indian Express]
		+
		+	Nirmalananda Swamy, who leads the Adichunchanagiri mutt in Mandya, told [right wing] leaders [in March 2023] not to speak on the issue without any evidence. “Such claims will lead to confusion and doubt. There are several issues concerning the community that can be raised. We can’t sideline these and just highlight their pet claim,” he said.
		+
		+	[[Category:History\|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]
		+	[[Category:India\|STIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]
		+	[[Category:Name\|ALPHABETTIPU SULTANTIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|TIPU SULTAN
		+	TIPU SULTAN]]

	=See also=		=See also=

@@ Line 261: / Line 261: @@
 I suppose one could see Tiger as a ready reckoner on Tipu Sultan. It has information, context, a stated position, all of which are good things. Certainly, Brittlebank's research and knowledge cannot be faulted. If you like your history in little bites, this book is for you.
 =See also=
@@ Line 267: / Line 273: @@
 [[Kodagu]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 [[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
 [[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
 =Events before his birth=
@@ Line 33: / Line 50: @@
 Military historian Mandeep Singh Bajwa was angry at this “lack of understanding“ of Tipu.“Instead of making these empty noises, they should be studying the administration and warfare of Hyder Ali and Tipu ,“ he said.
 =Achievements=

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 14 December 2017
Line 221:		Line 221:
	Various historians have given different figures about the number of Kodavas who were converted. Figures range between 60,000 to 85,000.		Various historians have given different figures about the number of Kodavas who were converted. Figures range between 60,000 to 85,000.

		+	= Tiger : The life of Tipu Sultan =
		+	[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tiger-the-life-of-tipu-sultan-kate-brittlebank-books/1/731664.html Arshia Sattar , The Tiger King , “India Today” 15/8/2016]
		+
		+	If you live outside southern India, it's likely that Tipu Sultan was a single chapter in your history book where he appeared as a regional satrap with ideas well beyond his station, a man who indulged in rose gardens and silk worms and whose betrayal by the Maratha Confederacy was a mere footnote in the early battles against the British, as they went from being a trading company to an occupying force. You may be forgiven for thinking that Tipu was just that fellow with a magnificent moustache whose favourite toy was a mechanical tiger tearing out the throat of a British soldier. And, yes, recently someone brought his sword back from England. But in the south, Tipu is a real and insistent presence-his ghost haunts Karnataka, appearing at regular, if infrequent, intervals. We're not sure what to do with this local warrior, this sometimes son of soil, sometimes alien oppressor. You can receive death threats from neighbouring Maharashtra if you suggest that, like Shiva ji, Tipu fought 'outsiders' in the name of his own people. If you call for a commemoration of his birthday, a Tipu Jayanti in Karnataka, riots break out among people whose ancestors he killed. You can't even name Bengaluru's international airport after him, even though Tipu was born in the village, Devanahalli, where the airport now sits. It is clear that many of the problems pertaining to honouring Tipu Sultan, the Tiger of Mysore, have to do with the fact that he is Muslim. In these times, it is impossible to think of someone like him as an incipient 'freedom fighter', one who saw the dark horizon of colonialism and tried to build local alliances to protect the autonomous kingdoms in the region. There is a long tradition of critical assessment that demonises Tipu as an upstart usurper of the Wodeyar throne, an opportunist who signed a treaty with the French against the British, a vicious tormentor of his enemies, particularly non-Muslims. Equally, such popular dramatised histories as Praxy Fernandes's The Tigers of Mysore, Bhagwan Gidwani's The Sword of Tipu Sultan (the basis for Sanjay Khan's television serial of the same name broadcast on Doordarshan in 1990) and Girish Karnad's play The Dreams of Tipu Sultan have sought to present him as a humane and far-sighted monarch and, in doing so, have reached for the man behind the Tiger.
		+
		+	Recently, though, more and more historians are leaning towards the idea that Tipu might well have been a visionary in more ways than one-politically, economically and perhaps even socially. Certainly, his sense of a world beyond the subcontinent and how it might serve his ambitions is being noted. Historian Kate Brittlebank's Tiger fits snugly into this category of reassessment. She starts by reminding us how Tipu was seen by the British in the 18th century-as a savage barbarian who took pleasure in torturing and killing his English prisoners, "the most feared Indian of his times". This was a necessary part of the depiction of other races and cultures at the time, building up to the dehumanisation of Oriental and African peoples from which the colonial project drew its moral authority. Brittlebank also wants us to see Tipu as a product of this period-as righteous or cruel as any other contemporaneous ruler might have been. But despite this seeming even-handedness of perspective, it is clear that she carries a torch for Tipu. She, too, seeks the father, the husband, the son not perceptible in court and private documents, but from what we know about human beings and how they behave in adversity as well as times of triumph. This is an interesting position for a historian to take, combining so-called facts with emotional and psychological information derived from our own experiences.
		+
		+	To that end, it is disappointing that Brittlebank deals with possibly the most shattering moment in Tipu's public and private life-the handing over of his young sons as hostages to the British until he could pay war reparations-in a scant few lines. As a father, his heart must have broken at this parting and as a monarch, what could be more humiliating than this separation from his sons? Brittlebank offers sympathy for the father that Tipu was but does not speculate further about how this moment might have affected Tipu the monarch's behaviour, his later motivations and how the incident might have determined his later actions.
		+
		+	As Karnad did in The Dreams of Tipu Sultan, Brittlebank mines an extraordinary document of the king's recorded dreams, which gives anyone who cared to decipher it centuries later a chance to glimpse what his anxieties and fears might have been through the meaning of his dream images. Here, Brittlebank speculates more freely and parses one of Tipu's dreams in which a man, with whom the king has been bantering, turns into an attractive bare-breasted woman. She reads this to indicate Tipu's own love for women and his tendency to be flirtatious and light-hearted with them as against a more callous and brutal attitude believed to have prevailed during his lifetime. Brittlebank's general conclusion is that these recorded dreams (from the last few years of Tipu's life) were intended as aids to the magical and superstitious practices that Tipu believed would ensure his victory over the British.
		+
		+	In the end, though, I must say, it is an odd book. It is short, with appendices and references at a concise 163 pages of text. It tells us nothing more and nothing new about Tipu. For those who know little about him, this book is not enough, and for those who know something, the book is unsatisfying. Having said that, I was utterly delighted that Brittlebank led me to the metonymic (and startlingly modern, in that sense) nature of Tipu's babri, the tiger stripe that emblazoned his clothing, his banners and eventually his mausoleum. The single bold slash gestures towards the whole animal and, further still, to Tipu himself. What a graceful and effective shorthand to stamp both fear and authority.
		+
		+	Nonetheless, I have to wonder whether the length of the book and its survey/round-up tenor has something to do with Juggernaut's commitment to their app, which encourages one to read on their phone rather than in print. For me, this implies a nod of approval to shorter, punchier reads, rather than to expansive works which can be read slowly. Unexpectedly for a book such as this, the volume contains a few lushly reproduced images. These may reflect the drive towards the app, contributing to a rich digital read. But like the text itself, what we see in the images is entirely standard and well-known, adding nothing either to depictions of Tipu and his life or to our knowledge of the marvellous objects that were looted from his fort and palace after he was killed.
		+
		+	I suppose one could see Tiger as a ready reckoner on Tipu Sultan. It has information, context, a stated position, all of which are good things. Certainly, Brittlebank's research and knowledge cannot be faulted. If you like your history in little bites, this book is for you.

	=See also=		=See also=

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 Police, who do not want to take any risk, tightened security for Karnad.
-=Tipu's Legacy=
+=Legacy=
 [[File: Tipu's deep hatred for the British portrayed by the iconic pipe-organ.jpg|Tipu's deep hatred for the British portrayed by the iconic pipe-organ; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=The-sword-over-Tipus-Legacy-15112015021033  Manimugdha Sharma, The sword over Tipu's Legacy, November 15, 2015: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 Tipu's army did commit atrocities during his Coorg and Malabar campaigns. These were amplified by the British as they mounted a propaganda war on him, and at times by Tipu himself, through lofty claims about conversion. “Religion was and is the handmaiden of politics. Tipu used religion against those who had allied with his enemies. Even Ranjit Singh converted the majestic Badshahi Masjid in Lahore into a horse stable. Tipu was no different,“ says Wahi.
-=Relationship with other kingdoms=
+=On politics=
-==Tipu Sultan and the Kodavas==
+==Social balancing of politics==
-'''Source:''' www.oneindia.com (OneIndia News)
+[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Tipu-kept-alive-social-balancing-of-politics-followed-16112015012040 ''The Times of India''], Nov 16 2015
-[http://aircel.websiteforever.com/nd/?pid=792756&wsf_iref=tal_home--HP-SPT-News '' Oneindia ''], 12th Nov, 2015
+Tipu kept alive social balancing of politics followed by Deccani rulers
-History records that the Kodavas and Tipu Sultan have had a bitter rivalry always. Tipu wanted to capture Kodagu as he felt he could use it as a gateway to Mangalore which has a port.
+Was Tipu Sultan a patriot who should be celebrated or a bigot who committed atrocities in the name of religion? As a controversy rages over the 18th century ruler of Mysore, TOI invites eminent historian Seema Alavi to assess the life and rule of Tipu
-Not just Tipu, but his father Hyder Ali too made several attempts to capture Kodagu.
+The controversy over Tipu's “secular“ vs “bigot“ profile is not new. It was triggered in 1990 as well. But at that time through school text books and a popular serial aired at prime time not merely Tipu, but his political context and social engineering had caught the imagination of the country .History textbooks viewed him in his historical context and upheld his image as the quintessential proto-nationalist. And for the average Indian he become a household figure with Sanjay Khan's popular serial, `The Sword of Tipu Sultan', that projected him as the brave son of Mysore who died fighting the English East India Company in 1799. Both Khan's serial as well as history textbooks successfully used his life to shape the narrative of secular India rather than judging him by modern yardsticks.
-Various attempts by father and son were a failure as they found it hard to battle in Kodagu which has vast tracts of land and mountains which was very familiar to the locals.
-The Kodavas who pride themselves for contributing immensely to the Indian army thanks to Field Marshal K C Kariappa and General K S Thimmaiah were good at guerrilla warfare which gave them an advantage of Tipu's army.
+They highlighted Tipu in the 18th century political and military culture where conquest, war and alliances were not necessarily fought along networks of rigid social identities. This was a culture in which not just in Mysore but also all over the sub-continent military preparedness, the mastery of the art of war and diplomacy , shifting alliances cutting across caste, region and religion defined politics. Balancing conflict with cooperation was the mantra of the ideal King. So it was not scandalous for Tipu to go to war against the Hindu raja of Coorg (1785), and enjoy victories over the Marathas (178687) and at the same time continue to have a large number of Hindu officers and soldiers in his administration and army . His most trusted lieutenant was the Brahmin, Puraniya, who had also served his father Haidar Ali.
-A Wikipedia entry suggests that the Kodavas despite being outnumbered 1:3 always managed to defeat the Tipu army. There were a couple of times that Tipu and his army managed to reach Madikeri, the capital of Kodagu, but was beaten. The Kodavas has sworn never to bow to the Sultan.
+In this careful social balancing of politics Tipu was not unique. He was only continuing the long tradition of Deccani and South Indian rulers (Hindus and Muslims) who over the centuries had intermarried with, employed, gone to war with, forged alliances and co-existed with followers of diverse ethnic and religious profiles.
-−
-However, Tipu once managed to capture Kodagu on one ocassion and is said to have uttered the words, "if you ambush my men, I will honour you all with Islam."
-−
-The Kodavas did not take this lying down and beat Tipu and drove him back to Mysore.
-−
-''' A change of plan and treachery: '''
-−
-Tipu by now realized that his war was going nowhere and beating the Kodavas was not easy.
-−
-He decided to offer his hand of friendship. The Kodavas made a grave error in trusting Tipu. The Kodavas were in fact happy to offer their hand of friendship as the battle against him was being won, but at a huge cost and the warriors were tired.
-−
-The Kodavas are said to have welcomed Tipu. However, they were caught completely off guard when Tipu's men launched an attack against the Kodavas who were unarmed. He took many as prisoners.
-−
-Tipu had even sought the help of the Nawab of Kurnool to launch the attack.
-−
-Several thousand Kodavas were captured and taken to Srirangapatana where it is believed they were forcibly converted.
-−
-Stories of conversion and torture have been narrated by the Kodavas who were in captivity of Tipu.
-−
-Various historians have given different figures about the number of Kodavas who were converted. Figures range between 60,000 to 85,000.
 =On religion=
@@ Line 206: / Line 182: @@
 Barkur Udaya, assistant professor, department of history , Mangalore University , said the anti-Tipu brigade is only reiterating Britishers' view of him as a traitor.
-=Social balancing of politics=
+=Relationship with other kingdoms=
-[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Tipu-kept-alive-social-balancing-of-politics-followed-16112015012040 ''The Times of India''], Nov 16 2015
+==Tipu Sultan and the Kodavas==
-Tipu kept alive social balancing of politics followed by Deccani rulers
+[http://aircel.websiteforever.com/nd/?pid=792756&wsf_iref=tal_home--HP-SPT-News '' Oneindia ''], 12th Nov, 2015
 =See also=

@@ Line 172: / Line 172: @@
 =On religion=
 ==Anti-Hindu or Progressive?==
 [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Tipus-bday-bash-divides-opinion-07112015019019 ''The Times of India''], Nov 07 2015