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| | [[Category:India|E]] | | [[Category:India|E]] |
| − | [[Category: Economy-Industry-Resources |E]] | + | [[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources |E]] |
| | [[Category:Name|Alphabet]] | | [[Category:Name|Alphabet]] |
| | [[Category:Name|Alphabet]] | | [[Category:Name|Alphabet]] |
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| | attention. Nuclear energy development is being geared up to contribute significantly | | attention. Nuclear energy development is being geared up to contribute significantly |
| | to the overall energy availability in the country. | | to the overall energy availability in the country. |
| − | =POWER=
| |
| − | Power development in India commenced at the end of the 19th century with the
| |
| − | commissioning of electricity supply in Darjeeling during 1897, followed by the
| |
| − | commissioning of a hydropower station at Sivasamudram in Karnataka during 1902.
| |
| − | In the pre-Independence era, the power supply was mainly in the private sector,
| |
| − | that too restricted to the urban areas. With the formation of State Electricity Boards
| |
| − | during Five-Year Plans, a significant step was taken in bringing about a systematic
| |
| − | growth of power supply industry all over the country. A number of multi-purpose
| |
| − | projects came into being, and with the setting up of thermal, hydro and nuclear
| |
| − | power stations, power generation started increasing significantly.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Ministry of Power is primarily responsible for the development of electrical
| |
| − | energy in the country. The Ministry is concerned with perspective planning, policy
| |
| − | formulation, processing of projects for investment decisions, monitoring of the
| |
| − | implementation of power projects, training and man-power development and the
| |
| − | administration and enactment of legislation with regard to thermal and hydro power
| |
| − | generation, transmission and distribution. In all technical matters, the Ministry of
| |
| − | Power is assisted by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The construction and operation of generation and transmission projects in the
| |
| − | Central sector are entrusted to Central Sector Power Corporations, viz.,
| |
| − |
| |
| − | the National
| |
| − | Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC),
| |
| − |
| |
| − | the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
| |
| − | (NHPC),
| |
| − |
| |
| − | the North-Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO), and
| |
| − |
| |
| − | the Power
| |
| − | Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Power Grid is responsible for all
| |
| − | the existing and future transmission projects in the Central Sector and also for the
| |
| − | formation of the National Power Grid.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Two joint-venture power corporations,
| |
| − | namely, Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) (formerly known as NJPC) and Tehri Hydro
| |
| − | Development Corporation (THDC) are responsible for the execution of the Nathpa
| |
| − | Jhakri Power Project in Himachal Pradesh and Projects of Tehri Hydro Power
| |
| − | Complex in Uttarakhand respectively.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Three ''' statutory bodies,''' i.e., the Damodar
| |
| − | Valley Corporation (DVC), the Bhakra-Beas Management Board (BBMB) and Bureau
| |
| − | of Energy Efficiency (BEE), are also under the administrative control of the Ministry
| |
| − | of Power.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Programmes of ''' rural electrification ''' are provided financial assistance by
| |
| − | the Rural Electrification Corporation (REC).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Power Finance Corporation (PFC)
| |
| − | provides term-finance to projects in the power sector.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The ''' autonomous bodies '''
| |
| − | (societies), namely, Central Power Research Institute (CPRI) and the National Power
| |
| − | Training Institute (NPTI) are also under the administrative control of the Ministry
| |
| − | of Power.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A Power Trading Corporation has also been incorporated primarily to
| |
| − | support the Mega Power Projects in private sector by acting as a single entity to
| |
| − | enter into Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Capacity Addition==
| |
| − | Based on the 10th Plan actual capacity addition of 21,180 MW and preparedness of
| |
| − | projects, the Planning Commission had initially fixed a capacity addition target of
| |
| − | 78,700 MW during the 11th Plan to meet the power requirement of the country. This
| |
| − | comprised hydro, thermal and nuclear capacity of 15,627 MW, 59,693 MW and
| |
| − | 3,380 MW respectively. The Central Sector was to contribute 36,874 MW (Thermal
| |
| − | 24,840 MW), the State Sector 26,783 MW (Thermal 23,301 MW) and Private Sector
| |
| − | 15,043 MW (Thermal 11, 552 MW) in the 11th Plan. Keeping in view the stage and
| |
| − | pace of construction of power generation projects and their likelihood of
| |
| − | commissioning during the remaining period of the 11th Plan, this has been revised
| |
| − | to 62,374 MW by the Planning Commission at the time of Mid-Term Appraisal
| |
| − | comprising 8, 237 MW Hydro, 50,757 MW Thermal and 3,380 MW Nuclear projects
| |
| − | with 21,222 MW in Central Sector, 21,355 MW in State Sector and 19,797 MW in
| |
| − | Private Sector.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Up to 31st May, 2011, 35,747 MW of capacity has been added in the 11th Plan
| |
| − | comprising 10,450 MW in Central Sector, 12,971 MW in State Sector and 12,326
| |
| − | MW in Private Sector. This is 169% of the total capacity added during the 10th Five
| |
| − | Year Plan.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The installed power generation capacity has increased from about 1,400 MW
| |
| − | in 1947 to 1,74,361 MW as on 30.04.2011 comprising 37,567 MW hydro, 1,13,559
| |
| − | MW thermal including gas and diesel, 4780 MW Neclear based power plants and
| |
| − | 18,455 MW from renewable energy sources including wind.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Power Generation==
| |
| − | Power generation during 2010-11 was 811.14 BU comprising 665.01 BU Thermal,
| |
| − | 114.26 BU from Hydro, 26.27 BU from Nuclear and 5.61 BU import from Bhutan.
| |
| − | The target of power generation for the year 2010-11 was fixed at 855 BU. The Plant
| |
| − | Load Factor (PLF) has shown a steady improvement over the years and has improved
| |
| − | from 52.8 per cent in 1990-91 to 77.53 per cent in 2009-10 and reduced to 75.08% in
| |
| − | 2010-11.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==50,000 MW Hydro Electric Initiative==
| |
| − | Under the 50,000 MW Initiative launched by the Government in 2003-04, 162 hydroelectric
| |
| − | projects spread in 16 states for the purpose of preparation of Preliminary
| |
| − | Feasibility Reports (PFRs) were taken up by CEA as nodal agency. The PFRs were
| |
| − | completed in September 2004 for all these projects with an installation of 47,930
| |
| − | MW.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | As a follow up of preparation of PFRs, preparation of DPRs for these schemes
| |
| − | had been taken up, thereby providing a shelf of projects for execution in the near
| |
| − | future.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Out of 162 schemes (47930 MW), DPRs for 28 schemes (10093 MW/Revised
| |
| − | capacity 9594 MW) have already been prepared (upto April,2011). The work of
| |
| − | Survey & Investigation is under progress for another 31 schemes (17093 MW).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Hydro Capacity Addition during 12th Plan==
| |
| − | To meet the requirement of additional capacity during the 12th Plan (2012-17), a
| |
| − | shelf of 87 candid hydro projects having aggregate capacity of 20334 MW (excluding
| |
| − | slippages from 11th Plan) was prepared. The no. of projects have been reduced due
| |
| − | to merger and deletion of some projects and change in installed capacity during
| |
| − | S&I and preparation of DPR. With the incorporation of the above changes, 83 projects
| |
| − | (22011 MW, excluding slippages from 11th Plan) have been identified as candidate
| |
| − | projects for benefits during 12th Plan.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Setting up of Ultra Mega Power Project==
| |
| − | Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) are being promoted with a view to providing
| |
| − | power to all at a reasonable rate and ensuring fast capacity addition by the Central
| |
| − | Government as an initiative facilitating the development of Ultra Mega Power
| |
| − | Projects (UMPP) of 4000 MW capacity each under tariff based international
| |
| − | competitive bidding route. Project specific Shell Companies (Special Purpose
| |
| − | Vehicles) as 100% subsidiries of Power Finance Corporation Limited have been
| |
| − | created for carrying out developmental work consisting of the tie up of inputs/
| |
| − | clearances and the bidding process for selection of developers for the UMPPs.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | So far, four UMPPs, namely, Sasan in M.P., Mundra in Gujarat, Krishnapatnam
| |
| − | in Andhra Pradesh and Tilaiya in Jharkhand have been awarded and transferred to
| |
| − | the developers selected through tariff based competitive bidding. Two units of 800
| |
| − | MW each of Mundra UMPP are expected to be commissioned in 11th Plan.
| |
| − | The request for Qualification (RFQ) bids have been issued for the UMPPs
| |
| − | proposed in Chhattisgarh and Odisha. In regard to UMPP in Tamil Nadu and second
| |
| − | UMPP of Andhra Pradesh, the sites have been finalized and the project development
| |
| − | work is in advanced stage.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==CENTRAL ELECTRICITYAUTHORITY==
| |
| − | Central Electricity Authority (CEA), a statutory organisation constituted under
| |
| − | Section 3(1) of the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 which has been superseded by Section
| |
| − | 70 (1) of Electricity Act, 2003, plays an important role in formulating policies and
| |
| − | programmes for power development in the country and in planning and
| |
| − | coordinating various development activities in the Power Sector. The CEA advises
| |
| − | the Central Government on matters relating to the National Electricity Policy,
| |
| − | formulates short-term and perspective plans for development of the electricity
| |
| − | system and coordinates the activities of the planning agencies for optimal utilisation
| |
| − | of resources to subserve the interests of national economy and to provide reliable
| |
| − | and affordable electricity for all consumers.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Under the Electricity Act, 2003, the CEA makes regulations/standards on
| |
| − | matters such as construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to
| |
| − | the grid, installation and operation of meters, concurrence of hydro-electric schemes,
| |
| − | safety and grid standards. It also specifies measures relating to safety with respect
| |
| − | to electricity supply. This will inculcate higher efficiency in all fields of the power
| |
| − | sector.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The CEA is responsible for the concurrence of hydro power development
| |
| − | schemes of the Central, State and Private sectors taking into consideration the best
| |
| − | ultimate development of the river or its tributaries for power generation, consistent
| |
| − | with the requirement of drinking water, irrigation, navigation, flood control or for
| |
| − | other public purposes. It also makes studies for the optimum location of dams and
| |
| − | other river works keeping in view the norms regarding dam design and safety.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It promotes and assists in the timely completion of schemes and projects for
| |
| − | improving and augmenting the electricity system by carrying out a close monitoring
| |
| − | of the construction of generation and transmission projects to ensure their timely
| |
| − | completion by identifying bottlenecks and problem areas and initiating remedial
| |
| − | measures/actions. It lays stress on improving the performance of existing power
| |
| − | stations through better O&M practices, renovation and modernisation and life
| |
| − | extension programmes. It is also charged with the responsibility of monitoring
| |
| − | schemes/projects for their timely completion.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Collection and recording the data concerning the generation, transmission,
| |
| − | trading, distribution and utilisation of electricity and carrying out studies relating
| |
| − | to cost, efficiency, competitiveness, etc., are important functions of the CEA. It makes
| |
| − | public from time to time information secured under the Electricity Act, 2003 and
| |
| − | provides for the publication of reports and investigations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The CEA advises Central Government, State governments and Regulatory
| |
| − | Commissions on all technical matters relating to generation, transmission and
| |
| − | distribution of electricity. It also advises State Governments, licensees or generating
| |
| − | companies on such matters which shall enable them to operate and maintain the
| |
| − | electricity system under their ownership or control in an improved manner and
| |
| − | where necessary, in coordination with any other Government, licensee or the
| |
| − | generating company owning or controlling another electricity system.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The CEA plays a lead role in promoting an integrated operation of Regional
| |
| − | Grid systems and the evolution of a National Grid. The Eastern, North-Eastern and
| |
| − | Western regions have been integrated and are operating in a synchronous mode.
| |
| − | The Eastern Region is connected with the Northern as well as the Southern Region
| |
| − | through HVDC back-to-back links. Similarly, the Western Region is also connected
| |
| − | with the Northern and the Southern Regions through the same arrangements. The
| |
| − | CEA facilitates exchange of power within the country from surplus to deficit regions
| |
| − | and with neighbouring countries for mutual benefits.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It promotes research in matters affecting the generation, transmission,
| |
| − | distribution and trading of electricity; carries out, or causes to be carried out, any
| |
| − | investigation for the purposes of generating or transmitting or distributing electricity
| |
| − | and promotes measures for advancing the skills of persons engaged in the electricity
| |
| − | industry. It actively participates in power supply restoration process in case of
| |
| − | occurrence of unfortunate incidents of destruction caused due to drought/cyclone/
| |
| − | floods/tsunami, etc., in various parts of the country.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The CEA makes a significant contribution to a number of professional fora in
| |
| − | India as well as abroad like the Conference International Des Grands Research
| |
| − | Electriques (CIGRE), the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the Central Board of
| |
| − | Irrigation and Power (CBI&P), etc. The CEA renders consultancy services in the
| |
| − | planning and design of hydro, thermal and transmission projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==THE ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003==
| |
| − | The provisions of this Act have been brought into force with effect from 10 June
| |
| − | 2003 (with this, the Indian Electricity Act, 1910, the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948
| |
| − | and the Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998 stand repealed). The main
| |
| − | features of the Act are as follows:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (i) Generation has been delicensed and captive generation freely permitted.
| |
| − | Hydro projects would, however, need concurrence from the Central Electricity
| |
| − | Authority.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (ii) No licence required for generation and distribution in rural areas.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (iii) Transmission Utility at the Central as well as State level, to be a government
| |
| − | company – with responsibility for planned and coordinated development of
| |
| − | the transmission network. Provision for private licensees in transmission.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (iv) Open access in transmission with provision for surcharge for taking care of
| |
| − | current level of cross subsidy with the surcharge being gradually phased out.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (v) Distributing licensees would be free to undertake generation, and generating
| |
| − | companies would be free to take up distribution.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (vi) The State Governments are required to unbundle the SEBs. However, they
| |
| − | may continue with them as distribution licensees and State Transmission
| |
| − | Utilities.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (vii) Setting up of the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) made
| |
| − | mandatory.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (viii) An Appellate Tribunal to hear appeals against the decision of the CERC and
| |
| − | SERCs.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (ix) The SERCs are required to permit open access in distribution in phases with
| |
| − | surcharge for current level of cross subsidy to be gradually phased out along
| |
| − | with cross subsidies and obligation to supply.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (x) Metering of electricity supplied made mandatory.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (xi) Provisions relating to theft of electricity made more stringent.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (xii) Trading as a distinct activity recognised with the safeguard of the Regulatory
| |
| − | Commissions being authorised to fix ceilings on trading margins, if necessary.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (xiii) For rural and remote areas, stand-alone systems for generation and
| |
| − | distribution permitted.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (xiv) Thrust to complete rural electrification and provide for management of rural
| |
| − | distribution by panchayats, cooperative societies, non-government
| |
| − | organizations, franchisees, etc.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (xv) The Central Government to prepare a National Electricity Policy and Tariff
| |
| − | Policy.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (xvi) The Central Electricity Authority to prepare a National Electricity Plan.
| |
| − | Appellate Tribunal for Electricity
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Central Government established Appellate Tribunal for Electricity under the
| |
| − | Section, 110 of the Electricity Act, 2003 on 7 April 2004. The headquarters of the
| |
| − | Appellate Tribunal is at Delhi. The Appellate Tribunal will hear appeals against
| |
| − | orders of the Regulatory Commissions/ Adjudicating Officers.
| |
| − | ==National Electricity Policy==
| |
| − | The National Electricity Policy has been notified by the Government under the Act.
| |
| − | Competitive bidding guidelines have been issued by the Government. The Tariff
| |
| − | Policy has been notified.
| |
| − | ==Anti-Theft Legislation==
| |
| − | The States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West
| |
| − | Bengal, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat, Bihar, and Punjab have passed/drafted antitheft
| |
| − | laws.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | As per the provisions of Section 153 of the Electricity Act, 2003, special courts
| |
| − | dealing with power theft have been set up in the States of Assam, Andhra Pradesh,
| |
| − | Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka,
| |
| − | Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab,
| |
| − | Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,West Bengal
| |
| − | and Delhi.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Redressal of Grievances of Consumers and Appointment of an Ombudsman==
| |
| − | As per the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, every distribution licensee shall
| |
| − | have to establish a forum for redressal of grievances of the Consumers in accordance
| |
| − | with the guidelines as specified by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission.
| |
| − | Consumer Grievances Redressal Forums have been established in 24 States by the
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Distribution Companies as per Section 42 (5) of the Act. Every State Electricity
| |
| − | Regulatory Commission shall appoint or designate an Ombudsman as per Section
| |
| − | 42(6) of the Act. Any consumer who is aggrieved by the non-redressal of his
| |
| − | grievances may make a representation for the redressal of his grievances to the
| |
| − | Ombudsman. So far, 24 State Electricity Regulatory Commissions have appointed
| |
| − | or designated an Ombudsman.
| |
| − | ==ACCELERATED POWER DEVELOPMENT AND REFORMS PROGRAMME==
| |
| − | In order to improve sub-transmission and distribution system including reduction
| |
| − | of Transmission & Distribution losses, Central Government had given support in
| |
| − | the 10th plan in the form of APDRP scheme. There were two components of the
| |
| − | scheme—investment component to support capital investment and an incentive
| |
| − | component for actual cash loss reduction. Upto November 2009, total investment
| |
| − | component of Rs 7675.51 crore and total incentive component of Rs 2879.73 crore has
| |
| − | been released under APDRP.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The present status of restructured APDRP for 11th Plan is as follows:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Re-structured APDRP for 11th Plan===
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the 'Restructured
| |
| − | APDRP' for11th Plan as a Central Sector Scheme in its meeting held on 31 July 2008.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The focus of the programme is on actual, demonstrable performance in terms of
| |
| − | AT&C loss reduction. The aim of the scheme is to reduce the AT&C losses up to 15
| |
| − | per cent in project areas.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Projects under the scheme to be taken up in two parts.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Part-A is the projects
| |
| − | for establishment of baseline data and IT applications for energy accounting/
| |
| − | Auditing & IT based consumer service centres and
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Part-B is regular distribution
| |
| − | strengthening projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The programme size is Rs51,577 crore. Expected investment in Part-A (Baseline
| |
| − | System) would be Rs10,000 crore and that in Part-B would be Rs 40,000 crore.
| |
| − | Power Finance Corporation (PFC) is the nodal agency for operationalising
| |
| − | the programme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | To facilitate the state utilities for expediting the implementation of R-APDRP,
| |
| − | Ministry finalized the model DPRs, empanelled the IT Consultants, IT implementing
| |
| − | Agencies, finalized the model Request of Proposal (RFP) for appointment of above
| |
| − | consultants and agencies.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Present Status of R-APDRP===
| |
| − | Under Part-A of R-APDRP, 1403 projects at an Est cost of Rs 5167.87 crore have been
| |
| − | approved for 29-States/UTs and Rs. 1450.11 Crore have been disbursed till date.
| |
| − | Part-A SCADA projects for 28 towns of 6 states have also been sanctioned at
| |
| − | an Est. Cost of Rs. 669.10 crore and Rs. 154.52 crore have been disbursed.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Under Part-B of R-APDRP, 832 projects at the cost of Rs. 15974.56 crore have
| |
| − | been approved for 14 States and Rs. 2236 crores have been disbursed.
| |
| − | (Source : RAPDRP web site)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Selection of Sites for Thermal Power Projects===
| |
| − | In the context of the need to set up additional thermal power stations to meet the
| |
| − | power requirements of the country up to the year 2012, and beyond, the CEA had,
| |
| − | in September 2001, constituted a committee under the Chairmanship of Member
| |
| − | (Thermal) and consisting of members from different Ministries/Deptts./SEBs, etc.,
| |
| − | for selection of sites for large coastal/Pithead and other Thermal Power Stations.
| |
| − | As the process of selection of sites is of continuous nature, the above mentioned
| |
| − | Committee has been converted into a Standing Committee.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Teams consisting of the
| |
| − | members of the Committee from the CEA, Planning Commission, MoE&F, CMPDI,
| |
| − | Railways, etc., are being constituted for visiting from time to time the sites tentatively
| |
| − | identified by the State agencies. These teams also interact with various State/Central
| |
| − | departments for assessing the availability of various inputs like land, water,
| |
| − | fuel, etc.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Based on the site visits of the Site Selection Committee and also reports obtained
| |
| − | by CEA with assistance of CMPDI/NRSA through satellite mapping, a large shelf
| |
| − | of potential sites has been created. Many sites from this shelf have been identified
| |
| − | for benefits during the 11th Plan.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN POWER SECTOR=
| |
| − | Hydro Power Policy, 2008 lays emphasis on increasing private investment in power
| |
| − | development. The State Governments have offered a number of hydro-electric
| |
| − | schemes for development in private sector. The present status (as on 30.04.2011) of
| |
| − | participation of private sector in hydro power development (H.E. Projects having
| |
| − | installed capacity above 25 MW) is as under:
| |
| − | ===Table===
| |
| − | S. No. Status of Schemes No. Capacity (in MW)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1. Under Opeeration 9 1459
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2. Under Construction 17 6531
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Allotted to Pvt. Sector which are yet 119 37613.5
| |
| − |
| |
| − | to be taken up for Construction
| |
| − | ====Table ends====
| |
| − | ==THERMAL GENERATION PROJECTS==
| |
| − | With the enactment of Electricity Act, 2003, a whole new system was evolved where
| |
| − | private players were invited to be an active participant in the power sector. The
| |
| − | Electricity Act, 2003 has created a legal framework for development of electricity
| |
| − | supply industry through liberalized generation, market development and providing
| |
| − | non-discriminatory open access to the generators and consumers. In order to achieve
| |
| − | these objectives, the Government has issued National Electricity Policy and Tariff
| |
| − | Policy. In order to facilitate procurement of power through competitive bidding,
| |
| − | the Government has issued guidelines for tariff based competitive bidding.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The
| |
| − | Standard Bid Documents for procurement of power under long term and medium
| |
| − | term PPAs have been notified for Case I and Case II bidding. The Government has
| |
| − | also set up Special Purpose Vehicle under Power Finance Corporation (PFC) for
| |
| − | collective procurement of power on behalf of the distribution utilities by inviting
| |
| − | tariff based bids for supplying power from ultra mega power projects. Procurement
| |
| − | of power through tariff based bidding does not require any upfront capital
| |
| − | investment by the Government and the responsibility of mobilizing financial
| |
| − | resources and technical resources for operating generating facilities rests with the
| |
| − | projects developer/independent power producer.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The private sector has responded enthusiastically to the opening up of the
| |
| − | power market and a substantial amount of generating capacity is coming up through
| |
| − | IPPs in coal, lignite, gas and hydro power projects. Government of India is making
| |
| − | its best efforts to facilitate this process to help the independent power producers to
| |
| − | overcome various challenges in the way of project implementation. The private
| |
| − | sector contributed 2,670 MW to generation capacity during period 2002-07. Since
| |
| − | then, capacity of 11041 MW has been commissioned till 31.3.11 and another about
| |
| − | 9253 MW capacity is under construction and likely to be commissioned by 2012.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The private sector is likely to contribute substantial generating capacity during 12th
| |
| − | Plan period (2012-17).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Transmission Sector==
| |
| − | Efforts are being made to bring competition in development of inter-State
| |
| − | transmission system through private sector participation. In this direction, two
| |
| − | schemes namely - 'Western Region System Strengthening-II-B' and 'Western Region
| |
| − | System Strengthening II-C' were taken up for implementation through 100 per cent
| |
| − | private participation. The process of selection of the private sector company was
| |
| − | coordinated by PGCIL under directions of CERC. The Transmission Service
| |
| − | Agreement (TSA) for the schemes have been signed and the schemes are being
| |
| − | implemented by Reliance Power Transmission Limited.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | For encouraging and streamlining the process of private sector participation,
| |
| − | Government of India brought out 'Guidelines for encouraging competition in
| |
| − | development of Transmission projects', 'Guidelines for Tariff based Competitive
| |
| − | bidding for Transmission services', Standard Request for Qualification (RFQ)
| |
| − | document for selection of transmission Service provider, and TSA. An Empowered
| |
| − | Committee for selection of projects and monitoring their implementation was also
| |
| − | constituted.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Power Finance Corporation (PFC) and Rural Electrification Corporation (REC)
| |
| − | have been nominated as nodal agencies to act as Bid Process Coordinators (BPC)
| |
| − | for the selection of Transmission Service Providers.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | LoIs have been issued to the successful bidders for :
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l Transmission system enabling import of NER/ER Surplus power by NR.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l North Karanpura Transmission System.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l Talchar-II Transmission scheme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | RFQs have been issued for three transmission projects, namely :
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l System Strengthening for WR.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l System Strengthening Commission for WR & NR, and
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l Transmission system associated with Krishnapattanam - UMPP -
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Synchronous inter connection between SR & WR.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Revised Mega Power Policy==
| |
| − | Mega Power Policy was introduced in November 1995 for providing impetus to
| |
| − | development of large size (mega) power projects in the country and derive benefit
| |
| − | from economies of scale. These guidelines were modified in 1998 and 2002 and
| |
| − | were last amended in April 2006 to encourage power development in Jammu &
| |
| − | Kashmir and the North-Eastern region.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | However, in the wake of several important statutory and policy level changes
| |
| − | in the power sector, Ministry of Power revisited some of the provisions of the Mega
| |
| − | Power policy in December 2009.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The modified policy seeks to rationalize the procedure for grant of mega
| |
| − | certificate and facilitate quicker capacity addition. The mega power policy would
| |
| − | have positive impact in the form of lower generation cost and resultant cost of power
| |
| − | purchased by distribution utilities and has liberalized many provisions including
| |
| − | aligning the requirements of PPA as per National Electricity Policy and National
| |
| − | Tariff Policy.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Automatic approval for FDI==
| |
| − | Automatic approval (RBI route) for 100 per cent foreign equity is permitted in
| |
| − | generation, transmission, and distribution and trading in power sector without any
| |
| − | upper ceiling on the quantum of investment.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | As per information received from Central Electricity Authority (CEA), power
| |
| − | projects totalling to 15043 MW (Thermal: 11552 MW and Hydro : 3491 MW) in
| |
| − | private sector have been targeted for commissioning during the 11th Plan. Out of
| |
| − | the above, a thermal capacity addition of about 5920 MW has been achieved till 1
| |
| − | April, 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS AND OTHER ORGANISATIONS=
| |
| − | ===National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.===
| |
| − | NHPC Limited (earlier known as National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.)
| |
| − | is a Schedule "A" Mini Ratna enterprise of the Government of India with an
| |
| − | authorised share capital of Rs 15,000 crore and an investment base of more than Rs
| |
| − | 36,250 crore. NHPC was set up in 1975 and has now become the largest organization
| |
| − | for hydro power development in India, with capabilities to undertake all the activities
| |
| − | from conceptualization to commissioning of Hydro Projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The main objects of
| |
| − | NHPC include, to plan, promote and organize an integrated and efficient
| |
| − | development of power in all its aspects through conventional and non-conventional
| |
| − | Sources in India and abroad and transmission, distribution, trading and sale of
| |
| − | power generated at stations. The Company is also listed with the Bombay Stock
| |
| − | Exchange and National Stock Exchange. NHPC has signed an MoU with Rural
| |
| − | Electrification Corporation Ltd. (REC) for accelerated electrification of one lakh
| |
| − | villages and provide connection to one crore households and with the Ministry of
| |
| − | Rural Development for development and maintenance of rural access roads in six
| |
| − | districts of Bihar. Works are in progress on these schemes.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | NHPC has so far commissioned 13 hydroelectric projects with an aggregate
| |
| − | installed capacity of 5,175 MW which includes 2 projects with total installed capacity
| |
| − | of 1,520 MW in Joint Ventue with Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. In addition to above,
| |
| − | NHPC has commissioned 3 projects namely Kalpong (5.25 MW) in Andaman &
| |
| − | Nicobar Islands, Sippi (4 MW) and Kambang (6 MW) in Arunachal Pradesh on
| |
| − | turnkey deposit basis. NHPC has also commissioned 2 projects, viz. Devighat in
| |
| − | Nepal with a capacity of 14.1 MW and Kurichu in Bhutan with a capacity of 60 MW
| |
| − | the aggregate capacity of 74.1 MW on deposit / turnkey basis.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED==
| |
| − | The NTPC Ltd. (formerly National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.) was
| |
| − | incorporated in November 1975 with the objective of planning, promoting and
| |
| − | organising an integrated development of thermal power in the country. The company
| |
| − | has now been renamed as NTPC Ltd. In line with the changes taking place in the
| |
| − | business portfolio of the company that transformed the company into an integrated
| |
| − | Power Company, it has now a presence across the entire energy value chain.
| |
| − | NTPC Limited, a schedule 'A' Navratna company of the Government of India,
| |
| − | is the single largest power generator in India with comprehensive in-house
| |
| − | capabilities in building and operating power projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | NTPC generation capacity
| |
| − | was 18.82 per cent of country's installed capacity as on 31 March 2009. NTPC
| |
| − | accounted for 28.60 per cent of the entire electricity generated in the country during
| |
| − | the year 2008-09. Current operating capacity of NTPC is 30644 MW comprising
| |
| − | 25209 MW coal based stations and 5,435 MW gas based stations. This capacity also
| |
| − | includes 2,294 MW under joint ventures. Another 17930 MW generating capacity
| |
| − | is under construction, including 3 hydro projects. During the year 2009-10 (up to 30
| |
| − | November 2009), a record generation of 1,40,831 million units was achieved,
| |
| − | registering an increase of 7.25 per cent over generation of 1,31,312 million units
| |
| − | during same period in 2008-09.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | During the year 2009-10 (up to 30 November 2009) thirteen NTPC coal stations
| |
| − | achieved more than 85 per cent PLF, including eight above 90 per cent and two
| |
| − | above 95 per cent; Dadri (Coal) (98.91 per cent), Korba (95.89 per cent), Unchahar
| |
| − | (94.61 per cent), Simhadri (94.34 per cent), Vindhyachal (94.14 per cent), Tanda (92.24
| |
| − | per cent), Rihand (92.05 per cent), Ramagundam (91.67 per cent), Sipat (89.92 per
| |
| − | cent), Singrauli (88.58 per cent), Badarpur (87.51 per cent), Talcher (Kaniha) (85.67
| |
| − | per cent) and Talcher (Thermal) (85.92 per cent).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | During the year 2009-10 (April to September 2009), NTPC recorded a total
| |
| − | income of Rs 24302.75 crore(audited), and net profit after tax of Rs 4,345.57 crore
| |
| − | (audited), registering an increase of 17.62 per cent and 13.25 per cent respectively
| |
| − | over the same period last year. During the year 2009-10 (till November 2009), 500
| |
| − | MW generation capacity was commissioned comprising one unit of 500 MW (unit
| |
| − | No. 7) at Kahalgaon-II. The company is at present implementing eighteen power
| |
| − | projects with a capacity of 17930 MW.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | An MOU has been signed amongst NTPC and the Govt. of Chattisgarh for
| |
| − | setting up 4000 MW Lara Power Project in the State of Chattisgarh as a regional
| |
| − | power project of NTPC. An MoU has been signed amongst NTPC Ltd., Govt. of
| |
| − | Madhya Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Power Trading Co. Ltd. for setting up 2,640
| |
| − | MW Gadarwara Power Project in Narsinghpur District of MP as a Regional Power
| |
| − | Project of NTPC. Mining Plan for Dulanga (7 MTPA) coal blocks has been approved
| |
| − | by MOC whereas for Talaipalli coal block (18 MTPA), the same has been submitted
| |
| − | to MOC for approval.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Twenty Year Fuel Supply Agreements (FSAs) have been signed with subsidiary
| |
| − | coal companies of Coal India Limited (CIL) for long term coal supply to NTPC coal
| |
| − | based power stations. Joint venture Agreement (JVA) has been signed between
| |
| − | NTPC and CIL for promotion of one or more JV(s) for jointly undertaking the
| |
| − | Development, Operation & Maintanance of Coal Blocks (Brahmini and Chichro-
| |
| − | Patsimal in Jharkhand) and integrated Power Projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Government of India has allotted 4.46 MMSCMD of KG D6 gas for its existing
| |
| − | gas-based power plants in NCR. NTPC has also sought allocation of 35.5 MMSCMD
| |
| − | of KG D6 gas for setting up 7000 MW of expansion/new gas based power stations.
| |
| − | This is in addition to 12 MMSCMD of gas at USD 2.34/ MMBTU sought by NTPC
| |
| − | for taking up expansion of Kawas and Gandhar projects. As per provisional results
| |
| − | of NELP-VIII bidding of GOI declared by DGH, NTPC along with ONGC and other
| |
| − | consortium partners have won 3 petroleum blocks.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | NTPC has also won a Block in the Cambay basin with 100 per cent participating
| |
| − | interest as Operator. During the year 2009-10 (till November 2009), NVHN has traded
| |
| − | 3201 MUs of power and has transacted business with more than 30 State/
| |
| − | Distribution Utilities.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Joint Venture Company National High Power Test Laboratory Ltd. (NHPTL),
| |
| − | with PGCIL, NHPC and DVC, has been formed for setting up a High Power Test
| |
| − | Laboratory for short circuit testing. Joint venture company Energy Efficiency Services
| |
| − | Limited (EESL), with PFC, PGCIL and REC, has been formed to carry on and promote
| |
| − | the business of energy efficiency and climate change including manufacture and
| |
| − | supply of energy efficiency services and products.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==RAJIV GANDHI GRAMEEN VIDYUTIKARAN YOJANA==
| |
| − | "RGGVY - scheme of Rural Electricity Infrastructure and Household Electrification"
| |
| − | was launched in March 2005 with approved capital subsidy of Rs. 5000 cr during the
| |
| − | 10th plan for implementation of Phase I of the scheme. The scheme was further
| |
| − | continued in 11th Plan for attaining the goal of providing access to electricity to all
| |
| − | households, electrification of about 1.15 lakh un-electrified and electricity
| |
| − | connections to 2.34 cr BPL households, with approved capital subsidy of Rs. 28000 cr.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The scheme merges erstwhile "Accelerated Electrification of one lakh Villages and
| |
| − | One Crore Households" and "Minimum Needs Programme" for rural electrification.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ''' Highlights of the Scheme '''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Ninety per cent capital subsidy is provided for overall cost of the projects
| |
| − | under the scheme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • The States will finalize their Rural Electrification Plans in consultation with
| |
| − | Ministry of Power and notify the same within six months. Rural Electrification
| |
| − | Plan will be a road map for Generation, Transmission, Sub-Transmission and
| |
| − | Distribution of electricity in the State which will ensure the achievement of
| |
| − | objective of the scheme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • The scheme would be implemented through the Rural Electrification
| |
| − | Corporation (REC).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • For projects to be eligible for capital subsidy under the scheme, prior
| |
| − | commitment of the States would also be obtained before sanction of projects
| |
| − | under the scheme for:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Deployment of franchisees for the management of rural distribution in
| |
| − | projects financed under the scheme, and
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Guarantee by State Govt. for a minimum daily supply of 6-8 hours of
| |
| − | electricity in the RGGVY network with the assurance of meeting any
| |
| − | deficit in this context by supplying electricity at subsidized tariff as
| |
| − | required under the Electricity Act, 2003.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ''' Scope of the Scheme '''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Under the scheme, projects could be financed with capital subsidy for provision
| |
| − | of:-
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB)
| |
| − | Provision of 33/11 KV (or 66/11 KV) sub-stations of adequate capacity and
| |
| − | lines in blocks where these do not exist.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Creation of Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Electrification of un-electrified villages.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Electrification of un-electrified habitations with a population of
| |
| − | above 100.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Provision of distribution transformers of appropriate capacity in
| |
| − | electrified villages/habitation(s).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) and Supply
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Decentralized distribution-cum-generation from conventional or renewable
| |
| − | or non-conventional sources for villages where grid connectivity is either not
| |
| − | feasible or not cost effective.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Remote villages covered for financing under MNRE not included.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | • Rural Household Electrification of Below Poverty Line Households:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Electrification of un-electrified Below Poverty Line (BPL) households
| |
| − | would be financed with 100% capital subsidy as per norms of Kutir Jyoti
| |
| − | Programme in all rural habitations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Households above poverty line would be paying for their connections
| |
| − | at prescribed connection charges and no subsidy would be available for
| |
| − | this purpose.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Franchisees===
| |
| − | In order to maintain the infrastructure being created and to provide uninterrupted
| |
| − | quality power, deployment of franchisee system has been made mandatory in the
| |
| − | scheme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Management of rural distribution will be through franchisee, who can be Non-
| |
| − | Governmental Organizations (NGOs), user associations, cooperatives or individual
| |
| − | entrepreneurs. The Panchayats will be associated. Panchayati Raj institutions will
| |
| − | have an important role of overseeing in advisory capacity, the delivery of services
| |
| − | by the franchisees according to their identified responsibilities. The state
| |
| − | governments can also consider giving the responsibility of franchisees to the
| |
| − | Panchayati Raj institutions.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | All the states have been asked to have input based franchisee system. In case
| |
| − | of the input based franchisee, the input energy into the area covered by the franchisee
| |
| − | is measured by the utility and the target for revenue collection are set based on the
| |
| − | collections made as a percentage of the input energy supplied to the consumers
| |
| − | beyond the point of metering by the utility. Input based franchisee will make
| |
| − | franchisee accountable for loss reduction and will therefore try to reduce theft in
| |
| − | the system. A major achievement of the scheme is that for the first time, commercial
| |
| − | aspect is being considered and fully addressed.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Revenue Sustainability===
| |
| − | Based on the consumer mix and the prevailing consumer tariff and likely load, the
| |
| − | Bulk Supply Tariff (BST) for the franchisee would be determined after ensuring
| |
| − | commercial viability of the franchisee. Wherever feasible, bidding may be attempted
| |
| − | for determining the BST. This BST will be fully factored into the submissions of the
| |
| − | state Utilities to the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) for their
| |
| − | revenue requirements and tariff determination.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The State Government under the Electricity Act is required to provide the
| |
| − | requisite revenue subsidies to the State Utilities if it would like tariff for any category
| |
| − | of consumers to be lower that the tariff determined by thee SERC.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | While administering the scheme, prior commitments may be taken from the
| |
| − | State Government regarding-
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Determination of bulk supply tariff for franchisees in a manner that
| |
| − | ensures their commercial viability.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | - Provision of requisite revenue subsidy by the State Government to the
| |
| − | State Utilities as required under the Electricity Act.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Release of Capital Subsidy===
| |
| − | The capital subsidy for eligible projects under the scheme would be given through
| |
| − | REC and projects shall be implemented fulfilling the conditionality. In the event
| |
| − | projects are not implemented satisfactorily in accordance with the conditionalities
| |
| − | of RGGVY, the capital subsidy could be converted into interest bearing loans.
| |
| − | CPSU's Services
| |
| − |
| |
| − | With a view to augment the implementation capacities for the programme,
| |
| − | REC has entered into MOUs with NTPC, POWERGRID, NHPC and DVC to make
| |
| − | available CPSUs' project management expertise and capabilities to states wishing
| |
| − | to use their services.
| |
| − | ==TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, CAPACITY BUILDING, MIS ETC.==
| |
| − | Upto 1 per cent of the total subsidy under the scheme would be used for associated
| |
| − | works/efforts of the programme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Project approved===
| |
| − | Based on the DPRs received from States, the Monitoring Committee on RGGVY in
| |
| − | the MOP has accorded approval to 235 projects for execution during 10th plan and
| |
| − | 338 projects for execution during Phase-I of 11th plan.
| |
| − | ====Table====
| |
| − | Summary of projects approved under RGGVY
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Project No. of Outlay Un-Electrified Intensive BPL
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Projects in Rs cr Villages Electrification HHs
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (Sanctioned of Villages covered
| |
| − | cost)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Approved under 10th Plan 235 9732.90 68763 111936 8310366
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Approved under 11th Plan 338 16616.13 49736 243031 16334651
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Total 573 26349.03 118499 354967 24645017
| |
| − | ====Table ends====
| |
| − | i) Three tier quality control mechanism under RGGVY
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Project under RGGVY scheme is subjected to a three-tier quality control
| |
| − | mechanism.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The first tier of quality assurance is achieved by Project Implementing Agency
| |
| − | (PIA). The PIA will engage a third party inspection agency who will ensure
| |
| − | that all the materials to be utilized and the workmanship conform to the
| |
| − | proscribed specification. The inspection will cover approximately 50% villages
| |
| − | on random sample basis for each project.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The 2nd tier of quality control is ensured by REC, the nodal agency of RGGVY
| |
| − | scheme by appointing the REC quality monitors (RQM) who will conduct
| |
| − | quality check at pre-shipment stage at the vendors' outlets of major material
| |
| − | and 10% villages on random sample basis.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The final tier of quality control will be assured by engagement of independent
| |
| − | evaluators by MOP for evaluation, at random, of supply erection under the
| |
| − | programme. These independent evaluators, designated as National Quality
| |
| − | Monitor (NQM) will cover 1% of the villages.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ii) Target for the year 2011-12
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The target for electrification of villages is 14,500 un-electrified villages and
| |
| − | release of connections to 52 lakh BPL households during the year 2011-12. The
| |
| − | targets for electrification of 2010-11 was 17,500 un-electrified villages and
| |
| − | release of connections to 47 lakh BPL households and against these targets,
| |
| − | the achievement was electrification of 18,306 un-electrified villages and release
| |
| − | of connections to 58.83 lakh BPL households.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ii) Electrification Progress achieved
| |
| − |
| |
| − | As a result of regular review and follow up, village electrification programme
| |
| − | has gained momentum in the country. During the year, as on 31.5.2011, 1016
| |
| − | un-electrified villages have been electrified and connections to 4.24 lakh BPL
| |
| − | households have been released.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Cumulatively, under RGGVY, electrification works in 97578 un-electrified
| |
| − | villages have been completed and free electricity connections to 164.04 lakhs
| |
| − | BPL households have been released as on 31.5.2011..
| |
| − |
| |
| − | iv) Disbursement of funds
| |
| − |
| |
| − | As on 31.5.2011, Rs. 25448.7 crore which include 10% loan component of REC,
| |
| − | have been released to the States/Implementing Agencies.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CORPORATION LIMITED==
| |
| − | Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) was incorporated as a company
| |
| − | under Companies Act, 1956 in 1969 with the main objective of financing rural
| |
| − | electrification schemes in the country. The expanded mandate of REC includes
| |
| − | financing of all projects including transmission and generation without any
| |
| − | restriction on population, geographical location or size. REC is a public financial
| |
| − | institution under Section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956. REC is also registered as a
| |
| − | Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) under Section 45 IA of the RBI Act, 1934.
| |
| − | REC is a "Navratna" company.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | REC has grown over the years to be a leading financial institution in power
| |
| − | sector. Besides attending to its core objectives of financing schemes for extending
| |
| − | and improving the rural electricity infrastructure, REC is presently funding large/
| |
| − | mega generation projects, and transmission and distribution projects, which are
| |
| − | critical to the projected addition of installed capacity during the Tenth and Eleventh
| |
| − | Plans. REC is also the Nodal Agency for implementation of Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
| |
| − | Vidyutikaran Yojana—a scheme of Rural Electricity infrastructure and Household
| |
| − | Electrification launched by the Government of India in April 2005, for attainment
| |
| − | of the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) goal of providing access
| |
| − | to electricity to all households in five years.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In the Annual MOU signed with Ministry of Power, REC has been consistently
| |
| − | rated as "Excellent" in performance from the fiscal 1994 to 2008.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Authorised and Paid-up Share Capital of the Company are Rs 1200 crore
| |
| − | and Rs 858.66 crore respectively as on 31 March 2009. The amount mobilized from
| |
| − | the market during the year 2008-09 was Rs 14894.89 crore. The domestic debt
| |
| − | instruments of REC continued to enjoy "AAA" rating—the highest rating assigned
| |
| − | by CRISIL, CARE ICRA, and FITCH. REC also enjoys International Credit rating
| |
| − | equivalent to sovereign rating of India from International Credit Rating Agency
| |
| − | Moody's and FITCH which is "Baa3" and "BBB" respectively.
| |
| − | ==POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED==
| |
| − | The Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) was incorporated as
| |
| − | a Government enterprise on 23 October, 1989 for establishment of operation of
| |
| − | regional and national power grids to facilitate transfer of power within and across
| |
| − | the regions with reliability, security and economy and on sound commercial
| |
| − | principles. POWERGRID was notified as the Central Transmission Utility (CTU) of
| |
| − | the country w.e.f. 1998. Further, Government of India conferred the status of
| |
| − | 'Navratna" on POWERGRID w.e.f. 1 May 2008.
| |
| − | ====Table====
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2010-
| |
| − | 11*
| |
| − |
| |
| − | * Upto 15.02.2011
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 14,433
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2006-
| |
| − | 07
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2007-
| |
| − | 08
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2008-
| |
| − | 09
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2009-
| |
| − | 10
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2001-
| |
| − | 02
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2002-
| |
| − | 03
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2003-
| |
| − | 04
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2004-
| |
| − | 05
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2005-
| |
| − | 06
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 4,118
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2,626
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3,352
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3,884
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 9,819
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 28,706
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 12,065
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 18,374
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 9,301
| |
| − | ====Table ends====
| |
| − | ==Prrooggrreessss ooff RRuurraall EElleeccttrriiffiiccaattiioonn==
| |
| − | Villages Electrified
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (Cumulata ive)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The year 2008-09 has been year of impressive financial performance. Gross
| |
| − | Turnover for the year grew by about 38 per cent to Rs 7,029 crore. Similarly, Profit
| |
| − | after Tax during the year increased to Rs 1,691 crore from Rs 1,448 crore in FY 2007-08,
| |
| − | thereby registering a growth of about 17 per cent. The company's gross asset base at
| |
| − | the end of the financial year 2008-09 stood at Rs 40,319 crore as against Rs 35,417 crore
| |
| − | at the end of last financial year, an increase of about 14 per cent. At the end of FY
| |
| − | 2008-09, the company has a net worth of Rs 14,618 crore and capital employed of Rs
| |
| − | 28,430 crore. There has been an impressive growth in the earning potential of the
| |
| − | company, which is reflected by the steady growth of return on Net Worth from the
| |
| − | level of 5.63 per cent in 1992-93 to 11.57 per cent in 2008-09. During FY 2009-10 till
| |
| − | September 2009, POWERGRID achieved a turnover of about Rs 3, 646 crore
| |
| − | (provisional) and Net Profit of Rs 1,007 crore (Provisional). Total fixed assets of the
| |
| − | company have grown to Rs 41,036 crore (Provisional) till September 2009.
| |
| − | ==DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID==
| |
| − | A national power grid in the country is being developed in a phased manner. All
| |
| − | the regional grids have already been inter-connected and total transmission capacity
| |
| − | of inter-regional transmission system, as on 31-03-2011 was 20750 MW. At present,
| |
| − | except Southern Region, all the other four regions are inter-connected in synchronous
| |
| − | mode and are operating in parallel.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Total inter-regional transmission capacity by the end of 9th Plan was 5750
| |
| − | MW. During 10th Plan, i.e., 2002-07, a total of 8300 MW of inter-regional capacities
| |
| − | were added. Thus, total inter-regional transmission capacity by the end of 10th
| |
| − | Plan was 14050 MW.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | During 11th Plan, i.e., 2007-12, inter-regional transmission systems of 17600
| |
| − | MW capacity have been planned and it is expected that, by end of 11th Plan, total
| |
| − | inter-regional transmission capacity of the National Power grid would be increased
| |
| − | to 31650 MW. Out of the programme for 11th Plan, 2400 MW capacity was added
| |
| − | during 2007-08, 3300 MW during 2008-09 and 1000 MW during 2009-10. Barh-Balia
| |
| − | 400 kv D/C line of 1600 MW capacity has been completed during 2010-11, but is yet
| |
| − | to be commissioned.
| |
| − | ==POWER FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED (PFC)==
| |
| − | The Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC) is a leading Power Sector Financial
| |
| − | Institution and a Non-Banking Financial Company, providing fund and non-fund
| |
| − | based support for the development of the Indian Power Sector. Occupying a key
| |
| − | position in the Government of India's plan for the power sector, PFC performs a
| |
| − | major role in channelizing investment into the power sector and functions as a
| |
| − | dedicated agency for its development.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | PFC is a Schedule-A, Navratna CPSE in the
| |
| − | Financial Services Sector, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Power,
| |
| − | with 89.78 per cent shareholding of the Government of India. Its registered and
| |
| − | corporate offices are at New Delhi. PFC was incorporated on 16 July 1986, under
| |
| − | the Companies Act, 1956, as part of Government of India's initiative to enhance
| |
| − | funding of power projects in India, with an objective to provide financial resources
| |
| − | and encourage flow of investments to the power and associated sectors, to work as
| |
| − | a catalyst to bring about institutional improvements in streamlining the functions
| |
| − | of its borrowers in financial, technical and managerial areas to ensure optimum
| |
| − | utilization of available resources, to mobilize various resources from domestic and
| |
| − | international sources at competitive rates, to strive for upgradation of skills for
| |
| − | effective and efficient growth of the sector, and to maximize the rate of return through
| |
| − | efficient operations and introduction of innovative financial instruments and services
| |
| − | for the power sector.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | PFC draws upon its vast knowledge of the power sector and its financing
| |
| − | expertise to provide tailor-made products and services to its clients. In addition,
| |
| − | PFC provides technical, management advisory and consultancy services related
| |
| − | activities through its subsidiary company, namely, PFC Consulting Limited. PFC's
| |
| − | clients include the Power Utilities of State, Central and Private Sector. These clients
| |
| − | are involved in various aspects of the Power Sector in India, including generation,
| |
| − | transmission and distribution, and other related activities.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | PFC's priorities include not only accelerating the pace of existing business of
| |
| − | funding generation, transmission and distribution projects, but also to explore the
| |
| − | new opportunities available in the sector. With this philosophy, PFC has around
| |
| − | half-a-dozen strategic business units, focusing on different business segments—
| |
| − | conventional lending to generation, transmission and distribution projects;
| |
| − | consortium lending to generation, transmission and distribution projects; lending
| |
| − | to power equipment manufacturers and fuel producers and suppliers, renewable
| |
| − | energy and CDM, equity funding through Power Equity Capital Advisor Pvt Ltd.
| |
| − | (PECAP).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | PFC's long term borrowings programme has been rated at 'Baa3' by Moody's,
| |
| − | 'BBB' by Standard & Poor's and 'BBB-' by FITCH which is at par with India's
| |
| − | Sovereign Rating. Further, CRISIL and ICRA have assigned 'AAA' and LAAA' rating
| |
| − | respectively to PFC.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Performance Highlights====
| |
| − | PFC issued sanctions for Rs 37,065 crore of loans and grants during the financial
| |
| − | year 2009-10 up to 30 November 2009, as compared to Rs 28,660 crore sanctioned
| |
| − | during similar period of the last year (2008-09). An amount of Rs 12,672 crore was
| |
| − | disbursed during the same period to State, Central and Private Sector entities,
| |
| − | compared to Rs 12,062 crore disbursed during similar period last year (2008-09).
| |
| − | With this, cumulative sanction of Rs 2,56,613 crore and Disbursement of Rs 1,25,792
| |
| − | crore of loans and grants have been made by the Company as on 30 November
| |
| − | 2009.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Nodal Agency for Government Schemes==
| |
| − | PFC is a key agency in various Government of India Power Sector schemes and
| |
| − | programmes and has implemented and/or is implementing schemes like
| |
| − | Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reform Program (R-APDRP),
| |
| − | Accelerated Generation & Supply Programme (AG&SP), Distribution Reform,
| |
| − | Upgrades and Management (DRUM) and Delivery through decentralized
| |
| − | Management (DDM).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In addition, Government of India has designated PFC as the
| |
| − | nodal agency to develop Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) based on tariff based
| |
| − | competitive bidding process, each project having a capacity of around 4000 MW
| |
| − | and requiring an investment of about Rs 20,000 crore. In this regard, PFC has
| |
| − | successfully awarded 4 UMPPs through tariff based competitive bidding process.
| |
| − | PFC has also been designated as the nodal agency for development of
| |
| − | Independent Transmission Project (ITP) based on tariff based competitive bidding
| |
| − | process and is presently handling ITP.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Power Lenders' Club==
| |
| − | PFC has also established the 'Power Lenders' Club' which consists of 18 banks and
| |
| − | includes major financial institutions like HUDCO and LIC.
| |
| − | ==Power Exchange==
| |
| − | In 2008-09, PFC had participated in the equity of Power Exchange India Limited
| |
| − | (PXI), a company promoted by NSE and NCDEX. PFC has became Professional
| |
| − | Clearing Member (PCM) of Power Exchange to support the activities of trading
| |
| − | members. PFC, NTPC, NHPC and TCS have promoted "National Power Exchange
| |
| − | Limited", a company incorporated under The Companies Act, 1956, with an
| |
| − | authorized capital of Rs 50 crore.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==SATLUJ JAL VIDYUT NIGAM LTD.==
| |
| − | The Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited-SJVN (formerly NJPC) was established on 24
| |
| − | May 1988 as a joint venture of the Government of India (GOI) and the Government
| |
| − | of Himachal Pradesh (GOHP) with equity participation in the ratio of 75:25
| |
| − | respectively, to plan, investigate, organize, execute, operate and maintain Hydroelectric
| |
| − | power projects. SJVN is a "Schedule-A" Mini Ratna company. The present
| |
| − | authorized share capital of SJVN is Rs 4500 crore.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | SJVN is committed for generating reliable and eco-friendly power by means
| |
| − | of state -of-the-art technology, excellence in engineering and continued improvement
| |
| − | in quality management. SJVN, an IT savvy corporation, has established and is
| |
| − | following sound business, financial and regulatory policies.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | SJVN having commissioned the 1500 MW Nathpa Jhakri HE Project, is
| |
| − | endowed not only with the state-of-the-art technology and know-how to tackle the
| |
| − | Himalayan Geology but has also developed the requisite knowledge and capability
| |
| − | to conceptualize, optimize and develop the power potential of hydro-power
| |
| − | development schemes of all sizes.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In pursuit to expansion of the Corporation by acquiring new projects for
| |
| − | development, the Corporation expanded its base from a single project to a multi
| |
| − | project and thereafter from presence in a single state to a pan-Indian Corporation
| |
| − | and established its footprint in the neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station - NJHPS (1500 MW) was the first
| |
| − | project undertaken by SJVN for execution, and all its six units of 250 MW each were
| |
| − | commissioned and are under commercial operation since 18 May 2004. Since its
| |
| − | commissioning, NJHEPS has generated total of 35432.37 MUs (Gross Energy
| |
| − | Generation) up to 31 December 2009 and SJVN has paid a total dividend of Rs 1181.59
| |
| − | crore.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The corporation proposes to develop Rampur HE Project as CDM Project for
| |
| − | obtaining Carbon Finance. The preliminary estimates show that the execution of
| |
| − | this Project shall result into Emission Reductions (ERs) of 1.4 million per annum
| |
| − | resulting in saving of 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 per year.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | SJVN has been fully aware of the importance of both environmental,
| |
| − | resettlement and rehabilitation issues. SJVN has adopted an environment,
| |
| − | resettlement and rehabilitation policy which reiterates the company's commitment
| |
| − | to sustainable development which is within the carrying capacity of the eco-system
| |
| − | and which also promotes the improvement of the quality of life.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | For its outstanding contribution to environment protection SJVN has been
| |
| − | awarded with Green Tech Award, Golden Peacock Eco Innovation Award, etc.
| |
| − | Consultancy Services
| |
| − |
| |
| − | SJVN has experience of corporate and project planning, design, engineering,
| |
| − | construction management, erection and commissioning, contracts management,
| |
| − | project management, human resource management, financial management and
| |
| − | commercial management of India's largest hydro-electric project. To effectively utilize
| |
| − | the in-house expertise and the experience gained, a dedicated consultancy division
| |
| − | has been established for providing consultancy services to national and international
| |
| − | organizations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE==
| |
| − | National Power Training Institute (NPTI), a registered society under Ministry of
| |
| − | Power, Government of India is committed to the development of Human Resources
| |
| − | in power sector for the past four decades.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | NPTI with its corporate centre at Faridabad operates eight institutes all over
| |
| − | the country. It has five regional institutes located at Neyveli (Tamil Nadu), Durgapur
| |
| − | (West Bengal), Badarpur (New Delhi), Nagpur (Maharashtra) and Guwahati (Assam)
| |
| − | and two specialized centres viz., Power Systems Training Institute (PSTI) & Hot
| |
| − | Line Training Centre (HLTC) at Bengaluru, Centre for Advanced Management and
| |
| − | Power Studies (CAMPS) at Faridabad (Haryana). NPTI (NE-R) is at present
| |
| − | operating from temporary site at Narangi complex of ASEB, Guwahati, and the
| |
| − | full-fledged training institute, as sanctioned by the Government of India at a cost of
| |
| − | Rs 18.29 crore, is in the advanced stage of completion at Kahilipara, Guwahati. The
| |
| − | Government of India has also sanctioned a scheme for setting up of Hydro Power
| |
| − | Training Centre at Nangal at an estimated cost of Rs 14.75 crore which is under
| |
| − | implementation.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Institutes of NPTI are will equipped with Hi-Tech infrastructural facilities
| |
| − | for conducting different courses on technical as well as management subjects
| |
| − | covering the needs of thermal, hydro and nuclear power plants, Transmission &
| |
| − | Distribution Systems, and Energy related fields of the Indian Power and allied energy
| |
| − | sectors. It has high fidelity, real-time full scope 500 MW & 210 MW Fossil Fuel Fired
| |
| − | Power Plant Training Simulators at its various institutes imparting off-job specialized
| |
| − | skills to operation personnel across the country. Also a 430 MW CCGT Replica
| |
| − | Simulator has been commissioned at NPTI Corporate Office, Faridabad.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A Geographical Information System (GIS) Resource Centre for training and
| |
| − | consultancy in the areas of GIS based electricity Distribution Network Planning
| |
| − | and Management has been set up at NPTI Corporate Office, Faridabad.
| |
| − | A facility has been created at NPTI's Hot Line Training Centre, Bengaluru for
| |
| − | Live Line Maintenance of Transmission Lines upto 400 KV (first of its kind in Asia)
| |
| − | which enables trained personnel to attend to maintenance requirements without
| |
| − | power interruptions.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Several long-term and short-term training programs in the areas of thermal,
| |
| − | hydro, transmission & distribution and management etc. are being conducted in
| |
| − | the various institutes of NPTL. Besides conducting refresher training for working
| |
| − | engineers/supervisors, NPTI conducts a large number of job-oriented educational
| |
| − | programmes also such as MBA in Power Management, B.Tech (Power) and Post
| |
| − | Graduate Diploma in Thermal Power Plant Engineering.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE==
| |
| − | The Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), a Society registered under the
| |
| − | Societies Registration Act under the Ministry of Power, serves as National
| |
| − | Laboratory to carry out applied research in Electrical Power Engineering. It also
| |
| − | functions as an independent National Testing and Certification Authority for
| |
| − | Electrical Equipment for ensuring their reliability.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Institute, with its existence of over four decades has built sophisticated
| |
| − | facilities, both in the areas of research and testing. The important facilities include
| |
| − | 2500 MVA Short Circuit Testing with Synthetic Testing Facility at Bengaluru, Ultra
| |
| − | High Voltage Research Laboratory at Hyderabad, Short Circuit Testing Facility at
| |
| − | Bhopal, Thermal Research Centre at Koradi, Nagpur and Regional Testing
| |
| − | Laboratory at Noida, Kolkata and Guwahati.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Over the years, CPRI has built up expertise in the areas of transmission and
| |
| − | distribution systems, power quality, energy metering, energy auditing, transmission
| |
| − | line, tower design, conductor vibration studies, power systems studies, energy
| |
| − | conservation studies, transformer oil reclamation and testing, diagnostic and
| |
| − | condition monitoring and estimation of remaining life of equipment, new material
| |
| − | for power system application, Ultra High Voltage testing, short circuit testing, High
| |
| − | Voltage testing and other related fields. The Institute has set up and commissioned
| |
| − | the state- of-the-art seismic testing facility and a Real Time Digital Simulation facility.
| |
| − | CPRI offers consultancy services in these areas.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The CPRI’s laboratories are accredited under the National Accreditation Board
| |
| − | for Testing and Calibration of Laboratories (NABL), which is the national body for
| |
| − | accreditation of laboratories. CPRI has been given the membership status in the
| |
| − | group of Short Circuit Testing Liaison (STL) of Europe. CPRI laboratories are
| |
| − | approved for certain products like communication cables, LT capacitors etc., by
| |
| − | Underwriters Laboratories and Canadian Standard Association. The Institute has
| |
| − | been accredited by INTERTEKASTA, UK for testing of Low Voltage and Medium
| |
| − | Voltage equipment, Power Transformers and Power Cables.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Research and Consultancy activities have been certified for ISO-9001-
| |
| − | 2000 by NVT, KEMA. CPRI Laboratories have been recognized as Approved Test
| |
| − | House by Electrical Directorate, Kingdom of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. The
| |
| − | certification is widely accepted in the countries of Middle-East, South-East, Far-
| |
| − | East Asia and countries of Africa.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Institute works as a nodal agency for national level power system research.
| |
| − | Among the new ventures of the CPRI, the Centre for Collaborative and Advanced
| |
| − | Research (CCAR) has been established for creating infrastructure for the visiting
| |
| − | Scientists/Technologists to carry out research in the areas related to power sector. A
| |
| − | centre has been set up for utilization of industrial solid wastes to useful valueadded
| |
| − | products for the benefit of industry.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Institute has established Regional Testing Laboratories at Kolkata and
| |
| − | Guwahati to cater to testing requirements in the Eastern and North-Eastern States
| |
| − | of the country. The Institute has also established the Refrigerator & Air Conditioners
| |
| − | testing laboratory under the Standards & Labelling Programme.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | CPRI has served as Advisor-cum-Consultant under APDRP-I for three southern
| |
| − | states viz., Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Pioneering work has been done
| |
| − | for total of 9 distribution circles and 256 towns in three states. CPRI is now
| |
| − | empanelled as IT consultant for R - APDRP and is also Third Party Inspection Agency
| |
| − | for Karnataka and Kerala under the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana
| |
| − | Scheme (RGGVY).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Institute also offers Third Party Inspection Services and customized
| |
| − | Training Programmes to utilities and Industry.
| |
| − | ==NORTH-EASTERN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION LIMITED==
| |
| − | With a need to develop the huge power potential, the North Eastern Electric Power
| |
| − | Corporation (NEEPCO) was incorporated on 2 April 1976 as a wholly owned
| |
| − | Government Enterprise under the Ministry of Power to plan, promote, investigate,
| |
| − | survey, design, construct, generate, operate and maintain power stations in the N.E.
| |
| − | region. The authorised share capital of the Corporation presently stands at
| |
| − | Rs 3,500 crore. The installed capacity of the NEEPCO is 1,130 MW comprising 755
| |
| − | MW of hydro power and 375 MW of gas based power. The Corporation currently
| |
| − | meets more than 60 per cent of the energy requirement of the North Eastern Region.
| |
| − | It is an ISO:9001:2000(Quality) ISO 14001:1996(Environment) and OHSAS-
| |
| − | 18001:1999 (Safety) Company with its Corporate Office at Shillong.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Corporation plans to add power of 107.50 MW during 11th Five Year Plan.
| |
| − | Presently, two hydro projects of 710 MW (Kameng 600 MW and Pare 110 MW) and
| |
| − | one gas based project (Tripura gas based power project, 100 MW nominal 20 per
| |
| − | cent) are under execution by NEEPCO.
| |
| − | ==BHAKRA BEAS MANAGEMENT BOARD==
| |
| − | Bhakra-Nangal Project was taken up as a joint venture of the states of erstwhile
| |
| − | Punjab and Rajasthan. On re-organisation of erstwhile Punjab State in 1966 'Bhakra
| |
| − | Management Board' was constituted on 1st October, 1967 under Section 79 of Punjab
| |
| − | Re-Organisation Act, 1966 for the administration, maintenance and operation of
| |
| − | Bhakra Nangal Project. Beas Construction Board was constituted under the Punjab
| |
| − | Re-Organisation Act, 1966 for construction of Beas Project. 'Bhakra Management
| |
| − | Board' was renamed as 'Bhakra Beas Management Board' (BBMB) w.e.f. 15 May
| |
| − | 1976 after transfer of Beas Project on its completion by Beas Construction Board.
| |
| − | Main functions of BBMB are as under:-
| |
| − |
| |
| − | i) The regulation of the supply of water for irrigation from Bhakra Nangal and
| |
| − | Beas Projects to the States of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan and also drinking
| |
| − | water supply to Delhi and Chandigarh.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ii) The regulation of the supply of power generated at BBMB Power Houses to
| |
| − | Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, HP, Chandigarh and some Common Pool
| |
| − | consumers like old HP, National Fertilizers Limited, Nangal, etc.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | iii) In the year 1999, BBMB has been entrusted with additional function of
| |
| − | providing and performing engineering and related technical and consultancy
| |
| − | services to states and other utilities.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The installed capacity of BBMB power plants is 2864.73 MW. The power
| |
| − | generation of BBMB Power Houses is being evacuated through BBMB power
| |
| − | evacuation system running into 3706 km length of 400 KV, 220 KV, 132 KV
| |
| − | transmission lines and 24 EHV sub-stations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was set up in March 2002 within the overall
| |
| − | framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the objective to spearhead
| |
| − | the improvement of energy efficiency in the economy through various regulatory
| |
| − | and promotional instruments.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | BEE is therefore engaged in institutionalizing energy efficiency services,
| |
| − | promote energy efficiency delivery mechanisms, and provide leadership for
| |
| − | improvement of energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The current programmes of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency focuses on
| |
| − | achieving energy savings that will result in avoided power generation capacity of
| |
| − | 10,000 MW during the 11th Plan period.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | With the success of mandatory labeling on the four products under the
| |
| − | Standards and Labeling scheme, BEE's several other initiatives such as the Energy
| |
| − | Conservation Building Code, Bachat Lamp Yojana. Agriculture and Municipal DSM
| |
| − | programmes, Designated Consumers and SME's, India is estimated to have saved
| |
| − | 5,000 MW in the first three years of the 11th Five Year Plan period, between 2007
| |
| − | and 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It is estimated that the avoided generation capacity will go beyond 10,000
| |
| − | MW by the end of 11th Plan, which is the target for the plan period.
| |
| − | Through implementation of its various schemes, the verified savings achieved
| |
| − | by BEE during the year 2009-10 is 2868.01 MW of avoided generation and 8720.83
| |
| − | MU of electricity saved.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Ministry of Power and Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) have prepared
| |
| − | the implementation framework for the National Mission for Enhanced Energy
| |
| − | Efficiency (NMEEE) as one of the eight national missions under the National Action
| |
| − | Plan of Climate Change (NAPCC) with the aim that this mission upscales the efforts
| |
| − | to create and sustain market for energy efficiency to unlock investment of around Rs.
| |
| − | 74,000 crores.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The mission by 2014-15, is likely to achieve about 23 million tonnes oilequivalent
| |
| − | of fuel savings-in coal, gas, and petroleum products, along with an
| |
| − | expected avoided capacity addition of over 19,000 MW. The carbon dioxide emission
| |
| − | reduction is estimated to be 98.55 million tons annually. Eight energy intensive
| |
| − | industrial sectors having about 462 designated consumers would be covered under
| |
| − | innovative scheme called Perform, Achieve & Trade (PAT). Targets to reduce specific
| |
| − | energy consumption (SEC) from the baseline value would be assigned to each
| |
| − | designated consumer which is to be achieved by March 2014.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | This scheme, alone would result in a saving of about 8.97 million tons of oil
| |
| − | equivalent by 2013-14. Apart from this, demand side management (DSM),
| |
| − | development of Super Efficient Equipment Program, Promotion of ESCOs and
| |
| − | creation of Partial Risk Guarantee fund and venture capital fund would be made
| |
| − | operational under various components of NMEEE.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS==
| |
| − | The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is entrusted with the responsibility of
| |
| − | exploration and production of oil and natural gas including import of Liquefied
| |
| − | Natural Gas (LNG), and the refining, marketing, distribution, import, export and
| |
| − | conservation of petroleum products.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION==
| |
| − | Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Oil India Limited (OIL), private and
| |
| − | joint venture companies are engaged in the exploration and production of oil and
| |
| − | natural gas in the country.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Government of India approved the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP)
| |
| − | in 1997 and it became effective in February 1999. Since then, licences for exploration
| |
| − | are being awarded only through a competitive bidding system and National Oil
| |
| − | Companies (NOCs) are required to compete on an equal footing with other Indian
| |
| − | and foreign companies to secure Petroleum Exploration Licences (PELs).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Eight
| |
| − | rounds of bids have so far been held under NELP, and 235 exploration blocks have
| |
| − | been awarded. Under NELP, 97 oil and gas discoveries in 29 blocks have already
| |
| − | been made. Further, ninth bid round of New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELPIX)
| |
| − | was launched on 15.10.2010. Bids were opened on 28.3.2011. 74 bids have been
| |
| − | received for 33 blocks, out of 34 blocks offered under NELP-IX.
| |
| − | ==OILAND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LIMITED==
| |
| − | The Oil and Natural Gas Commission was established on 14th August 1956 as a
| |
| − | statutory body under Oil and Natural Gas Commission Act for the development of
| |
| − | petroleum resources and sale of petroleum products. As per the decision of the
| |
| − | Government, Oil and Natural Gas Commission was converted into a Public Limited
| |
| − | Company under the Companies Act, 1956 and named as “Oil and Natural Gas
| |
| − | Corporation Limited” from 1st February 1994.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In March 2004, the Government
| |
| − | disinvested around 10 per cent of the equity shares of ONGC through a public offer
| |
| − | in the domestic capital market at Rs 750 per share. After disinvestment, shareholding
| |
| − | of the Government in ONGC came down to around 74.15 per cent. The Authorized
| |
| − | and Paid-up Capital of ONGC as on 31st March 2011 is Rs 15000 crore and Rs 4277.74
| |
| − | crore respectively. It has been accorded 'Maharatna Company' status.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Crude oil and natural gas production by ONGC during 2010-11 was 27.28
| |
| − | Million Metric Tonne (MMT) and 25.32 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) respectively.
| |
| − | ==ONGC VIDESH LIMITED==
| |
| − | ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ONGC, was
| |
| − | incorporated as Hydrocarbons India Limited on 5 March 1965 with an initial
| |
| − | authorised capital of Rs 5 lakh, for the business of international exploration and
| |
| − | production. Its name was changed to ONGC Videsh Limited on 15th June 1989. The
| |
| − | Authorised and Paid-up Share Capital of OVL as on 31st March 2011 is Rs 1,000
| |
| − | crore. The primary business of the company is to prospect for oil and gas acreages
| |
| − | abroad. These include acquisition of oil and gas fields in foreign countries as well
| |
| − | as exploration, production, transportation and sale of oil and gas.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | OVL currently has participation in 33 projects in 15 countries namely, Vietnam
| |
| − | (2 projects), Russia (2 projects), North Sudan (2 projects), South Sudan (1 project)
| |
| − | Iran (1 project), Iraq (1 project), Libya (1 project), Myanmar (2 projects), Syria
| |
| − | (2 projects), Cuba (2 projects), Brazil (6 projects), Nigeria (2 projects), Colombia
| |
| − | (6 projects), Venezuela (2 project) and Kazakhstan (1 project). OVL's share of crude
| |
| − | oil and natural gas production is currently from 9 projects in eight countries, viz.,
| |
| − | Russia, North & South Sudan, Vietnam, Syria, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil.
| |
| − | OVL's share of the crude oil and natural gas production in 2010-11 was 9.448 Million
| |
| − | Metric Tonne of Oil & Oil equivalent gas including 2.692 BCM of natural gas. The
| |
| − | other 23 projects being implemented by OVL are at various stages of exploration
| |
| − | and appraisal and development. One Pipeline Project was completed in Sudan in
| |
| − | 2005.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The gross revenue of OVL was Rs 18,683 crore during the financial year
| |
| − | 2010-11 with net profit of Rs 2691 crore. Further, OVL is pursuing acquisition of
| |
| − | various oil and gas exploration and production opportunities in Russia, Central
| |
| − | Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Middle East, which are at different stages.
| |
| − | ==OIL INDIA LIMITED==
| |
| − | Oil India Limited (OIL), is a National Oil Company engaged in the exploration,
| |
| − | production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas in the country. OIL was
| |
| − | incorporated in 1959 as a company with a two-third share of Burmah Oil Company
| |
| − | and one-third share of Government of India. In 1961, OIL became a joint venture
| |
| − | Company with equal share of Government of India and Burmah Oil company. On
| |
| − | 14th October 1981, OIL became a Government of India enterprise, a wholly-owned
| |
| − | Public Sector Undertaking. OIL has operational areas in the States of Assam,
| |
| − | Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Company currently produces around 3.90 MMTPA of crude oil and around
| |
| − | 7.00 MMSCMD of natural gas and more than 45,000 tonnes of LPG annually. The
| |
| − | entire crude oil, LPG production and major share of the Natural Gas production
| |
| − | come from its traditionally rich oil and gas fields concentrated in the North East
| |
| − | region. To increase its production potential and chart a steady growth, the company
| |
| − | has taken a very structured approach towards intensification and integration of
| |
| − | geo-scientific studies to find new oil.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Since most of the crude oil and gas produced
| |
| − | by OIL is from its matured and aging fields, it has initiated fit for purpose EOR/
| |
| − | IOR initiatives for revitalization of matured fields and taken up steps to explore the
| |
| − | locked up potential. New technologies and methods viz. Infill/Horizontal/J-Bend/
| |
| − | Sub-Thrust drilling are being deployed to augment exploration and development
| |
| − | efforts. The Company is also focusing on exploration in frontier areas and NELP
| |
| − | blocks which have good prospects.
| |
| − | ==GAIL INDIA LIMITED==
| |
| − | The setting up of GAIL (India) Limited, formerly known as Gas Authority of India
| |
| − | Limited in August 1984 heralded a new era of natural gas in the country. GAIL is
| |
| − | now completing 27 glorious years of service to the nation. Starting with a natural
| |
| − | gas transmission company, it is today an integrated energy company along the
| |
| − | Natural Gas value chain with global footprints. Having started as a gas transmission
| |
| − | company during the late eighties, it grew organically over the years by building a
| |
| − | large network of Natural Gas Trunk Pipelines covering a length of over 8700 km.
| |
| − | Today, GAIL has interests in the business of Natural Gas, LPG, Liquid Hydrocarbons
| |
| − | and Petrochemicals, the latter being value-added products.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Company has also
| |
| − | entered in telecom sector by leasing bandwidth available through the OFC which is
| |
| − | laid along the gas pipelines for their operation and maintenance. GAIL has also
| |
| − | diversified into Exploration and Production, City Gas Distribution and is steadily
| |
| − | developing an overseas presence.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The GAIL has a turnover of Rs. 32,459 crore (US $ 7.2 billion approx.)and Profit
| |
| − | After Tax (PAT) of Rs. 3,561 crore (US $ 790 million approx.) in the year 2010-11.
| |
| − | GAIL has recently acquired its first Shale Gas asset in the USA through its
| |
| − | wholly owned US subsidiary GAIL Global (USA) Inc.. The subsidiary company has
| |
| − | executed definitive agreements with Carrizo Oil & Gas Inc. based in Houston,
| |
| − | Texas, to enter into an unincorporated joint venture, under which GAIL Global (USA)
| |
| − | Inc. will acquire a 20% interest in Carrizo's Eagle Ford Shale acreage position. The
| |
| − | Joint Venture will have 20,200 gross acres, out of which GAIL subsidiary would
| |
| − | have 4,040 net acres spread over four counties in Texas.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Leveraging on its pipeline network, GAIL has built up a strong 12,200 km.
| |
| − | Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) network for leasing of bandwidth as a carriers' carrier.
| |
| − | GAIL's telecom business unit - 'GAILTEL' offers highly dependable bandwidth for
| |
| − | telecom service providers across 175 locations in ten states.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Exploration and Production==
| |
| − | In a move towards integration along the energy chain and for sourcing supply,
| |
| − | GAIL has entered into the area of exploration and production. Currently, the
| |
| − | company is involved in oil and gas exploration activities over an acreage of 1,64,637
| |
| − | sq. km. GAIL now holds a participating interest between 10 to 80 per cent in 27 oil
| |
| − | and gas exploration blocks. Of these, 9 are on-land blocks and 18 are offshore blocks.
| |
| − | In India, there are 24 blocks which are in Basins such as Mahanadi, Bengal, Gujarat
| |
| − | - Saurashtra, Mumbai, Cambay, Assam-Akaran and Cauvery. Furthermore, GAIL
| |
| − | has also got stake in the A-1 and A-3 blocks in Myanmar and Block No. 56 in Oman.
| |
| − | GAIL consortium has participating interest in three CBM blocks in the country in
| |
| − | collaboration with Arrow Energy of Australia, EIG Energy Infrastructure Group
| |
| − | and Tata Power.
| |
| − | ==Overseas Presence==
| |
| − | Apart from its equity participation in three retail gas companies in Egypt and in
| |
| − | China Gas Holdings in China, participating interest in offshore blocks in Myanmar
| |
| − | and one onland block in Oman, GAIL is pursuing business opportunities in regions
| |
| − | such as South/South-East Asia, West Asia, Russia and Central Asian Republics and
| |
| − | African continent in the areas of exploration and production, gas transmission, CNG
| |
| − | and city gas distribution, LNG and petrochemicals. GAIL has set up a whollyowned
| |
| − | subsidiary company viz. GAIL Gobal (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd in Singapore.
| |
| − | ==REFINING==
| |
| − | The present refining capacity in the country as on 1st June 2011 was 193.386 Million
| |
| − | Metric Tonnes Per Annum (MMTPA). Out of 21 refineries operating in the country,
| |
| − | 17 are in public sector, 3 are in private sector and 1 is in JV (Joint venture) of Public
| |
| − | Sector. Out of 17 Public Sector refineries, 8 are owned by Indian Oil Corporation
| |
| − | Ltd. (IOCL), 2 each by Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (a subsidiary of
| |
| − | IOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), Bharat Petroleum
| |
| − | Corporation Limited (BPCL) and Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC).
| |
| − | Numaligarh Refinery Limited (a subsidiary of BPCL) and Mangalore Refinery &
| |
| − | Petrochemicals Limited have one each. The Joint Venture Refinery belongs to Bhart
| |
| − | Petroleum Corporation Limited. The capacity-wise details of the refineries are given
| |
| − | below:
| |
| − | ===Table===
| |
| − | ===REFINERY-WISE CAPACITY AS ON 1ST JUNE, 2011===
| |
| − | Sl. No. Name of the company Capacity (in MMTPA)*
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =====Public Sector=====
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Noonmati, Guwahati 1.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Begusarai, Barauni 6.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Koyali, Vadodara 13.70
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 4. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Haldia 7.50
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 5. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Mathura 8.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 6. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Digboi 0.65
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 7. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Panipat 15.00
| |
| − | (3 MMTPA expansion
| |
| − | in January, 2011)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 8. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Bongaigaon 2.35
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 9. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chembur, Mumbai 6.50
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 10. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited,Visakhapatnam 8.30
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 11. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chembur, Mumbai 12.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 12. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Kochi 9.50
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 13. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Manali, Chennai 10.50
| |
| − | (1 MMTPA expansion
| |
| − | in May, 2010)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 14. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Nagapattinam 1.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 15. Numaligarh Refinery Limited, Numaligarh 3.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 16. Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd., Mangalore 11.82
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 17. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited, Tatipaka 0.066
| |
| − | Total 116.886
| |
| − | Joint Venture
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 18. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited & Oman 6.00
| |
| − | Oil Company, a joint venture, Bina (May, 2011)
| |
| − | Total 6.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =====Private Sector=====
| |
| − | 19. Reliance Industries Ltd, (Domestic) Mothikhavdi, Jamnagar 33.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 20. Reliance Petroleum Ltd.SEZ, Jamnagar 27.00
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 21. Essar Oil Limited, Vadinar 10.50
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Total 70.50
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Grand Total 193.386
| |
| − |
| |
| − | * Million Metric Tonne Per Annum
| |
| − | ====Table ends====
| |
| − | ==IMPLEMENTATION OF BS-III/IV FUELS IN THE COUNTRY==
| |
| − | The Auto Fuel Policy, approved by the Government, laid down a roadmap for
| |
| − | upgradation of the quality of auto fuels (Petrol and Diesel) to Bharat Stage (BS) IV
| |
| − | in 13 identified cities and BS-III in the rest of the country. As per the roadmap,
| |
| − | supply of BS-IV Petrol and Diesel commenced in all 13 identified cities from 1 April
| |
| − | 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The oil Industry has successfully completed the introduction of BS-III fuels in
| |
| − | the entire country with the last phase completed on 22nd September, 2010. Oil sector
| |
| − | PSUs have invested an amount of Rs 32,760 crore in upgration of refining technology
| |
| − | and creation of facilities for production of BS-IV/III auto fuels.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Efforts are being made to progressively expand coverage of BS-IV fuels with
| |
| − | introduction of these fuels in 50 more cities by 2015. The additional cities will be
| |
| − | identified considering the pollution levels and the vehicle population and inclusion
| |
| − | of all State capitals and cities with population of more than 1 crore will be emphasized
| |
| − | for extension of BS-IV auto fuels.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Pricing of Petroleum Products==
| |
| − | The Administered Pricing Mechanisam (APM) or Cost Plus Pricing for petroleum
| |
| − | products which was introduced in 1976 was abolished with the effect from 1 April
| |
| − | 2002, consequent to the de-regulation of the oil sector in India. Vide Gazettee
| |
| − | Notification dated 28 April 2002, Government notified that pricing of all petroleum
| |
| − | products except PDS Kerosene and Domestic LPG, would be market determined.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In line with this policy, the Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) carried out 23 price
| |
| − | revisions up to January 2004, on the principle of Import Parity Pricing (IPP).
| |
| − | However, with the sustained rise in international oil prices from 2004, the
| |
| − | Government found it necessary to modulate the retail prices of the four sensitive
| |
| − | petroleum products, viz., Petrol, Diesel, PDS Kerosene and Domestic LPG.
| |
| − | In June 2006, based on the recommendations of the Rangarajan Committee,
| |
| − | the Government changed the pricing mechanism for Petrol and Diesel from Import
| |
| − | Parity to Trade Parity (Trade Parity being the weighted average of Import Parity
| |
| − | and Export Parity prices in the ratio of 80:20) while the pricing of PDS Kerosene
| |
| − | and Domestic LPG continues on Import Parity basis.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | To arrive at a viable and sustainable system of pricing of petroleum products,
| |
| − | Government had set up an Expert Group under the chairmanship of Dr. Kirit Parikh.
| |
| − | In the light of Government's budgetary constraints and the growing imperative for
| |
| − | fiscal consolidation, and the need for allocating more funds to social sector schemes
| |
| − | for the common man, the Government has, with effect from 26 June, 2010, made the
| |
| − | pricing of Petrol and Diesel both at refinery gate and the retail level marketdetermined.
| |
| − | In case of a high rise and volatility in international oil prices,
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Government will suitably intervene in the pricing of Petrol and Diesel.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Government is committed to make available the essential fuels, particularly
| |
| − | the cooking fuels to the common man at affordable prices. Accordingly, it has been
| |
| − | decided to continue subsidising PDS Kerosene and Domestic LPG.
| |
| − | ==Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)==
| |
| − | Indian Oil Corporation is India's flagship national oil company with business
| |
| − | interests encompassing the entire hydrocarbon value chain - from refining, pipeline
| |
| − | transportation and marketing of petroleum products to exploration & production
| |
| − | of crude oil & gas, marketing of natural gas, petrochemicals, renewable energy
| |
| − | and now into Nuclear. The authorised and paid-up share capital of IOCL as on
| |
| − | 31st March 2011 is Rs. 6,000 crore and Rs. 2427.95 crore respectively.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Over the years, Indian Oil Corporation has grown by expanding its own
| |
| − | operations, bringing independent refineries like Chennai Petroleum (CPCL) and
| |
| − | Bongaigaon Refineries (BRPL) under its fold, by merging of Assam Oil Company
| |
| − | (AOC) and IBP with it and thus IOC has synergized its refining as well as marketing
| |
| − | operations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Indian Oil Corporation supplies precious petroleum products through an
| |
| − | unmatched countrywide network of above 35,000 touch points, which correspond
| |
| − | to about 55% of the industry infrastructure. IOC operates the largest and most
| |
| − | extensive network of retail outlets, numbering more than 19,000. It reaches Indane
| |
| − | cooking gas to the doorsteps of about 61 million households through about 5290
| |
| − | Indane distributors. These efforts are backed by supplies from 140 terminals &
| |
| − | depots, 96 aviation fuel stations and 89 Indane bottling plants. About 7,726 bulk
| |
| − | consumer pumps are also in the operation for the convenience of large consumers,
| |
| − | ensuring product and inventory at their doorstep. The company is the leader in
| |
| − | refining, marketing and pipeline transportation in the country.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It entered into a new era of gas transportation business during the financial
| |
| − | year 2010-11 by commissioning a gas pipeline from Dadri to Panipat to supply Regassified
| |
| − | - LNG for its Panipat petro-chemical complex. Indian Oil's cross-country
| |
| − | network of pipelines, spanning over 10,899 KM with total capacity of 75.26 MMTPA
| |
| − | of crude and finished products and 10 MMSCMD of gas being the largest in the
| |
| − | country, helps in meeting the vital energy needs of the consumers in an efficient,
| |
| − | economical and environment-friendly manner.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Today, Indian Oil is the country's largest commercial enterprise with Maharatna
| |
| − | status and India's highest ranked company in the prestigious Fortune Global 500
| |
| − | listing of the world's largest Corporates.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Exploration and Production===
| |
| − | Indian Oil has been making continued efforts to expand its E&P portfolio
| |
| − | domestically as well as overseas. Presently, it has assets in India and seven other
| |
| − | countries in association with experienced domestic and foreign upstream companies.
| |
| − | While gas discoveries have been made in 3 blocks, production is yet to start from
| |
| − | any of these blocks. In all, the E&P portfolio includes 23 blocks, comprising 13
| |
| − | domestic and 10 overseas. These overseas assets are located in Iran, Libya, Nigeria,
| |
| − | Goban, Yemen, Timor-Leste and Venezuela.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)==
| |
| − | HPCL is an integrated oil Company in India, with Navratna status. It has two
| |
| − | refineries producting a wide variety of petroleum products fuels, lubricants and
| |
| − | specialty products; one in Mumbai (West Coast) having a capacity of 6.5 MMTPA
| |
| − | and the other in Visakhapatnam (East Coast) with a capacity of 8.3 MMTPA. The
| |
| − | Corporation holds equity stake of 16.95% in Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals
| |
| − | Limited, a state-of-the-art refinery at Mangalore with a capacity of 9.69 MMTPA.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | HPCL, in collaboration with M/s Mittal Energy Investment Pvt. Ltd, is also setting
| |
| − | up a state-of-the-art 9 MMTPA capacity Green Field Refinery at Bathinda in Punjab.
| |
| − | HPCL owns and operates the largest Lube Refinery in the country producing
| |
| − | Lube Base Oils, having a capacity of 3,35,000 Metric Tones, contributing over 40%
| |
| − | of the country's total Lube Base Oil production. Besides, the Corporation owns six
| |
| − | Lube Blending Plants (2 in Mumbai and 1 each at Budge Budge, Ramnagar, Chennai
| |
| − | & Silvassa) and a Lube oil pipeline for evacuation of base oil from Mumbai Refinery.
| |
| − | Presently, HPCL is producing over 300 grades of lubes, specialties and greases.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The marketing network of HPCL consists of 13 Zonal offices in major cities
| |
| − | and 101 Regional offices facilitated by a Supply & Distribution infrastructure
| |
| − | comprising terminals, aviation services facilities, LPG bottling Plants, Lube filling
| |
| − | plants, Inland Relay Depots, Retail Outlets (Petrol Pumps) and LPG & Lube
| |
| − | Distributorships. HPCL has state-of-art information technology infrastructure to
| |
| − | support its core business. The data center is located at Hitech city in Hyderabad.
| |
| − | HPCL has, over the years, moved from strength in keeping with the national
| |
| − | priorities. The ambitious plans include furthering the synergies and participating
| |
| − | in the oil industry's growth by vertically integrating in the upstream and downstream
| |
| − | sectors. The policy initiatives undertaken also include growth and diversification
| |
| − | ventures in different sectors.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)==
| |
| − | BPCL is an integrated oil company with Navratna status in the downsteam sector
| |
| − | engaged in refining of crude oil and marketing of petroleum products. it has also
| |
| − | diversified into production and marketing of petrochemical feedstock. BPCL has
| |
| − | refineries at Mumbai and Kochi with a combined refining capacity of 21.5 MMTPA.
| |
| − | The Refineries are certified for ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 reflecting
| |
| − | the continuing commitment towards quality, environment, health and safety.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Authorized Share Capital and Paid up Capital of the company as on
| |
| − | 31.12.2010 was Rs 450 crore and Rs 361.54 crore respectively.
| |
| − | BPCL has a robust distribution network comprising of 120 storage depots, 12
| |
| − | major installations, 48 LPG bottling plants, 1676 KM cross-country pipeline
| |
| − | (including 292 KM pipeline set up by its joint venture company) and 2 lubricant
| |
| − | blending plants.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | During April-December 2010, 298 new Retail Outlets have been commissioned
| |
| − | and 254 more are expected to be commissioned during the period January-March
| |
| − | 2011 and total number of retail outlets as on 31.3.2011 is estimated at 9220.
| |
| − | During April-December 2010, 106 LPG distributorships have been
| |
| − | commissioned. In addition, 25 more LPG Distributorships are expected to be
| |
| − | commissioned during the balance period of the year 2010-11. The total number of
| |
| − | distributorships as on 31.3.2011 is estimated at 2356.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Renewable Energy===
| |
| − | BPCL has taken steps to develop non conventional / renewable resources of energy
| |
| − | and has undertaken various initiatives in tapping non-conventional energy sources
| |
| − | like bio diesel, wind energy, solar energy and fuel cells in order to develop such
| |
| − | alternate sources of energy.
| |
| − | ===Exploration and Production===
| |
| − | Since incorporation of Bharat Petro Resources Limited (BPRL), a wholly owned
| |
| − | subsidiary company of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), in October
| |
| − | 2006, for carrying out the upstream oil & gas business of BPCL, BPRL and its
| |
| − | subsidiaries/joint ventures have been making investments in the various exploration
| |
| − | blocks in India and abroad. The company was incorporated with an Authorized
| |
| − | Share Capital of Rs. 1000 crore which has been now increased to Rs 3000 crore. The
| |
| − | Subscribed Share Capital of BPRL as on 30.11.2010 is Rs. 1079.80 crore. The paid up
| |
| − | share capital as on 31st March 2010 was Rs. 702.55 crore. BPRL currently has
| |
| − | participating interests in 26 Blocks spread across 7 countries in 15 geological basins.
| |
| − | Out of these blocks, 9 Blocks are located in India which was acquired under different
| |
| − | bidding rounds of New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP). Most of the blocks
| |
| − | are in an advanced stage of exploration. BPRl's acreage in all these blocks is about
| |
| − | 81,000 sq km, of which 73,000 sq km (or approx 90%) is offshore acreage.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Conservation of Petroleum Products==
| |
| − | After coal, petroleum products remain the primary energy source in India, with
| |
| − | their consumption increasing at a very steep rate. For faster development, the role
| |
| − | of energy sector is of paramount importance. India is at present one of the least
| |
| − | energy efficient countries in the world with an identified scope of reducing energy
| |
| − | consumption by 20-30 percent in all major sectors through conservation measures.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The spiralling prices of crude oil in the recent past have made all the developing
| |
| − | economies to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious utilization of the already
| |
| − | strained resources. The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) set
| |
| − | up as a registered society under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in 1978
| |
| − | has been given the mandate to promote conservation of petroleum products in the
| |
| − | major sectors of economy like transport, industry, households and agriculture
| |
| − | through direct technical assistance, R&D, educational and training programmes,
| |
| − | and mass awareness campaigns.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | PCRA's activities cover conservation of all energy
| |
| − | sources, development, evaluation and commercialization of efficient equipment and
| |
| − | additives, popularizing petro-crop cultivation and production of bio-fuels,
| |
| − | environment protection, etc. PCRA has been conducting public awareness campaigns
| |
| − | for promoting energy conservation in petroleum sector on a regular basis which
| |
| − | included various educational and practical sessions to variety of consumer sectors.
| |
| − | PCRA has also launched media campaigns to promote efforts of conservation and
| |
| − | is working in close association with Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) for
| |
| − | popularizing labelling programmes for equipment using petro based fuels.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =COAL=
| |
| − | The Ministry of Coal has the overall responsibility of determining policies and
| |
| − | strategies in respect of exploration and development of coal and lignite reserves,
| |
| − | sanctioning of important projects of high value and for deciding all related issues.
| |
| − | These key functions are exercised through its public sector undertakings, namely,
| |
| − | Coal India Limited (CIL) and Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC) and
| |
| − | Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), a joint sector undertaking of
| |
| − | Government of Andhra Pradesh and Government of India with equity capital in
| |
| − | the ratio of 51:49.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Coal and Lignite Reserves in India==
| |
| − | The coal reserves of India up to the depth of 1200 meters have been estimated by
| |
| − | the Geological Survey of India at 276.81 billion tonnes as an 1.4.2010. Coal deposits
| |
| − | are chiefly located in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya
| |
| − | Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The Lignite reserve in the country has
| |
| − | been estimated at around 39.90 billion tonnes as on 31.3.2010. The major deposits of
| |
| − | Lignite reserves are located in the state of Tamilnadu. Other States where lignite
| |
| − | deposits have been located are Rajasthan, Gujarat, Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir and
| |
| − | Union Territory of Puduchery.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Coal Conservation==
| |
| − | Conservation of coal is an important area particularly when our coal reserves are
| |
| − | finite. The aspect of conservation of coal is taken into account right from the planning
| |
| − | state and maximum recovery is ensured during the implementation stage. Mines
| |
| − | are designed to work the coal seams either through open cast or through
| |
| − | underground methods depending on the technical feasibility and economic viability.
| |
| − | Mechanised opencast (OC) mining is presently the commonly adapted technology
| |
| − | for extraction of thick seams at shallow depth. This is also important from the
| |
| − | conservation point of view since the percentage recovery by this technology is around
| |
| − | 80% to 90%. Presently, this technology dominates and coal industry contributing
| |
| − | more than 88% of country's coal production. Further, whenever it is feasible, the
| |
| − | developed pillars of underground mines are being extracted through opencast
| |
| − | operations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In case of underground (UG) mining, the introduction of new technologies
| |
| − | like the longwall method, shortwall method, blasting gallery technology and
| |
| − | continuous miner technology have resulted in increased percentage of extraction.
| |
| − | With the improvement in roof support technology with mechanized bolting with
| |
| − | resin capsules, it has been possible to maintain wider gallery span and extract seams
| |
| − | under bad roof conditions more efficiently resulting in improved conservation of
| |
| − | coal. The Ministry of Coal (MoC) governs the Coal Mines (Conservation &
| |
| − | Development) Act 1974 for conservation of coal and development of mine areas
| |
| − | through Coal Controller Organisation. A stowing excise duty of Rs. 10/- per tonne is
| |
| − | collected on coal production/despatch and coal companies are extended assistance
| |
| − | for undertaking conservation measures.
| |
| − | ==SAFETY AND WELFARE==
| |
| − | The problems of subsidence and fires are the result of unscientific mining carried
| |
| − | out by the earstwhile mine owners over more than 200 years of operations in these
| |
| − | coalfields of Jharia and Raniganj prior to nationalisation. The population living in
| |
| − | the old mining areas has increased many times over the years, though these areas
| |
| − | became unsafe for habitation. Inspite of the declaration of these areas unsafe by the
| |
| − | local administration, the habitation increased unabated.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The problem of subsidence
| |
| − | and fire are being addressed by the Government from time to time. In this regard a
| |
| − | High Level Committee was set up in December, 1996 under the Chairmanship of
| |
| − | the then Secretary, Ministry of Coal with representatives from other Departments,
| |
| − | Coal Companies and the concerned State Governments to deal with the problem in
| |
| − | a comprehensive manner. Based on the recommendations of the Committee, a Master
| |
| − | Plan was prepared to deal with the problems of fire and subsidence and related
| |
| − | rehabilitation covering the areas under Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (BCCL) and Eastern
| |
| − | Coalfields Ltd. (ECL) in 1999 for implementation of the same in a phased manner.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Government has approved the Master Plan dealing with fire, subsidence
| |
| − | and rehabilitation and diversion of surface infrastructure within the leasehold of
| |
| − | Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) & Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL) on 12th
| |
| − | August 2009 at an estimated investment of Rs 9773.84 crore [7112.11 crores for Jharia
| |
| − | Coal Field (JFC) and 2661.73 crores for Raniganj Coal Field (RCF]. This includes
| |
| − | Rs 116.23 crores sanctioned earlier for various Environmental Measures & Subsidence
| |
| − | Control (EMSC) schemes for implementation in ten years, time.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Coal India Limited==
| |
| − | CIL the holding Company with headquarters in Kolkata. CIL is mainly responsible
| |
| − | for laying down corporate objectives, approving and monitoring performance of
| |
| − | subsidiary companies in the fields of long-term planning, conservation, research
| |
| − | and development, production, sales, finances, recruitment, training, safety, industrial
| |
| − | relations, wages, material for all operational, acquisition of land, execution of welfare
| |
| − | programmes, maintenance of safety standards, improvement of industrial relation,
| |
| − | etc.
| |
| − | ==Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited==
| |
| − | NLC was registered as a company on 14th November 1956. The Mining operations
| |
| − | in Mine-I were formally inaugurated on 20th May 1957 by the then Prime Minister
| |
| − | Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. Neyveli Lignite Corporation has been conferred with
| |
| − | "Miniratna" status. NLC presently operates four open cast lignite mines, viz., Mine
| |
| − | 1, Mine IA & Mine II in the State of Tamilnadu and Barsingsar Mine in the State of
| |
| − | Rajasthan aggregating to a total capacity of 30.6. MTPA and three thermal power
| |
| − | stations, viz., TPS-I & TPS-I Expansion and TPS-II with a capacity of 2490 MW all
| |
| − | located in Tamil Nadu, and Barsingsar TPS in the State of Rajasthan (250 MW) and
| |
| − | TPS-II Expansion at Neyveli (500 MW) are under implementation aggregating to a
| |
| − | total of 3240 MW.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY=
| |
| − | India is undergoing a growth with GDP of 8-9% and for this, the commensurate
| |
| − | growth of energy sector is also necessary. Climate change related issues have also
| |
| − | to be addressed without compromising with the development. It is worldwide
| |
| − | recognized that fossil fuels are depleting fast and their excessive use needs to be
| |
| − | curbed. More than 40 percent of population still have no access to electricity. In this
| |
| − | context, the role of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is vital. India has been
| |
| − | making continuous progress in conventional as well as renewable power generation.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | From the year 2002 onwards, renewable grid capacity has increased by almost 5
| |
| − | times, which is about 10.90% of the total grid installed capacity in the country, and
| |
| − | contributing about 4.13% to the electricity generation mix. This compares favorably
| |
| − | with that of European Union (EU) and far exceeds that of the United States (US). In
| |
| − | addition, India's per capita energy use continues to be far below that of industrialized
| |
| − | countries, and per capita CO2eq emissions are almost a third of the world average.
| |
| − | All the sectors of renewable energy are being developed. However, the wind power
| |
| − | programme has been the fastest growing contributing to around 75% of the gridconnected
| |
| − | renewable energy power installed capacity.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ''' Ministry of New and Renewable Energy ''' (MNRE) is the nodal Ministry of
| |
| − | Government of India at the national level for all matters relating to new and
| |
| − | renewable energy such as solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, hydrogen, biofuels,
| |
| − | geothermal etc. The endeavour of the Ministry is to promote renewable energy
| |
| − | technologies and increase the contribution of renewable energy in the total energy
| |
| − | mix today and in the years to come as well as to sub-serve the above objectives. The
| |
| − | Ministry has a wide range of programmes on research and development,
| |
| − | demonstration and promotion of renewable energy for rural, urban, commercial
| |
| − | and industrial applications as well as for grid-interactive power generation.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The
| |
| − | Ministry adopts a three-fold strategy for the development, promotion and use of
| |
| − | renewable energy technologies across the country: a) providing budgetary support
| |
| − | for research, development and demonstration of technologies; b) facilitating
| |
| − | institutional finance through various financial institutions; and c) promoting private
| |
| − | investment through fiscal incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance and
| |
| − | remunerative returns for power fed into the grid.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION==
| |
| − | The "Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission" (JNNSM)- one of eight Missions
| |
| − | under National Action Plan on Climate Change was launched by the Prime Minister
| |
| − | on 11th January 2010. The objective of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
| |
| − | (JNNSM) is to set up an enabling environment for solar technology penetration in
| |
| − | the country both at a centralized and decentralized level. With the launch of JNNSM,
| |
| − | policy initiatives have been focused on encouragement to set up commercial projects
| |
| − | by providing generation based incentives for the power fed to the grid through the
| |
| − | mechanism of renewable purchase obligation by utilities backed with a preferential
| |
| − | tariff and at the same time pursuing research & development efforts to develop
| |
| − | indigenous technologies and capacity as well as capabilities in this sector. It aims to
| |
| − | create and enabling policy framework for the development of following solar energy
| |
| − | applications:-
| |
| − | ===Table===
| |
| − | Sl. Application Target
| |
| − |
| |
| − | No. Segment Phase-I (2010-13) Phase-II (2013-17) Phase-III (2017-2022)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1. Solar Thermal Collectors 7 million sq.mtr. 15 million sq. mtr 20 million sq. mtr
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2. Off-Grid Solar Applications 200 MW 1,000 MW 2,000 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3. Grid-Power, Including Roof 1,100 MW 4,000-10,000 MW 20,000 MW
| |
| − | ====Table ends====
| |
| − | ==Top and Small Plants==
| |
| − | The policy framework of the Mission was finalized after extensive consultation
| |
| − | with stake-holders for (i) new grid connected projects through NVVN, (ii) small off
| |
| − | grid projects through IREDA, (iii) off-grid solar applications through various
| |
| − | Agencies/Channel Partners; and (iv) technical performance and domestic connect
| |
| − | requirements of solar projects. Consequently, on 16th June, 2010. Ministry announced
| |
| − | major Guidelines for
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (I) Roof-top and other small solar power plants connected to
| |
| − | distribution network (below 33 kV),
| |
| − |
| |
| − | (II) Guidelines for implementation of off grid
| |
| − | solar application and guidelines for gird interactive solar power projects on
| |
| − | 26th July, 2010. These guidelines provide direction for deployment of both solar PV
| |
| − | and solar thermal technology projects in a ratio of 50:50 in MW capacity terms.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ''' NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam (NVVN), ''' the trading subsidiary of NTPC, is
| |
| − | identified as the implementing agency for grid connected solar power generation.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | NVVN will purchase solar power from the project developer and bundle with power
| |
| − | from the cheaper unallocated quota of the Government of India (Ministry of Power)
| |
| − | out of the NTPC coal based stations and sell this "bundled" power to Distribution
| |
| − | Utilities. NVVN invited Expressions of Interest in August, 2010 to select 150 MW of
| |
| − | Solar PV projects and 470 MW solar thermal projects, which yielded huge response
| |
| − | by way of an offer of more than 5,000 MW.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Systems==
| |
| − | ===SPV Grid Power===
| |
| − | Out of 1,100 MW capacity for the first phase of the Mission, a total of 797 MW
| |
| − | capacity grid connected solar power projects were selected during 2010-11. The
| |
| − | other developments are as follows :
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l 98 MW capacity projects (100 kW too 2 MW each) were selected by Indian
| |
| − | Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA). Ministry would provide
| |
| − | generation based incentive to the concerned state utilities. The tariff for
| |
| − | purchase of solar power by the utilities has been fixed by the respective State
| |
| − | Electricity Regulatory Commission.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l 84 MW capacity by NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam (NVVN) projects were under
| |
| − | migration scheme with tariff facility as fixed by Central Electricity Regulatory
| |
| − | Commission (CERC) for 2010-11.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l 615 MW capacity (470 MW of solar thermal and 145 MW of PV) projects were
| |
| − | selected by NVVN through discounts on CERC tariff. The eligible bids to set
| |
| − | up PV plants have offered discount of Rs. 5.15 to Rs. 6.96 per unit (CERC tariff Rs.
| |
| − | 17.91 per unit) and for solar thermal plants, the discount is Rs. 3.07 to Rs. 4.82 per
| |
| − | unit (CERC tariff Rs. 15.31 per unit).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l PPAs and PSAs have been signed for these projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l The tariff discounting process has helped in achieving the tariff reduction for
| |
| − | utility gird solar power projects. It is expected that in next few years the tariff
| |
| − | would further lower to accelerate the process of achieving grid tariff parity, as
| |
| − | envisaged in the Mission.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Currently, diesel generating sets are being used in rural and urban areas to provide
| |
| − | power during power outrages and in those areas where grid power quality makes
| |
| − | it imperative to operate machines on quality power. In such situations, small wind
| |
| − | and hybrid systems, biomass gasifiers and SPV roof top power plant scan be sued
| |
| − | to produce power to replace diesel.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Off-Grid and Decentralized SPV Application==
| |
| − | In addition to the grid solar power access to energy and meeting the unmet demand
| |
| − | especially in the rural areas has been given importance under the mission. A new
| |
| − | scheme has been introduced to provide a combination of subsidy (30%) and loan
| |
| − | (5% annual interest rate) to individuals and new commercial users for purchase of
| |
| − | solar lights and other small solar PV systems. Regional Rural Banks continued to be
| |
| − | associated in this scheme. Ministry will provide funds to NABARD through refinancing
| |
| − | for onward lending to the consumers at 5% annual interest rate.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | During
| |
| − | 2010-11, 18 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) sanctioned loan for 57328 solar PV systems.
| |
| − | These Banks have 4687 branches in 150 districts. It is expected that during 2011-12,
| |
| − | the Regional Rural Banks would be able to sanction loan for about 2 lakh solar lights.
| |
| − | During 2010-11, the Ministry supported installation of off-grid solar PV systems
| |
| − | in the States for a wide range of applications. This includes SPV systems for all
| |
| − | 9,168 Panchayats in Rajasthan, Schools, Tribal Hostels, Police Stations/Posts, home
| |
| − | and street lights in SC/ST and minority dominated areas. About 18,224 solar lanterns,
| |
| − | 1,13,817 solar home lighting systems, 26,472 SPV street lighting, 4278.03 Kwp
| |
| − | capacity Stand alone solar power plants were installed. Solar off-grid PV projects of
| |
| − | an aggregate capacity of 40.60 MW have been sanctioned.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The State driven approach followed for the smaller grid projects have helped
| |
| − | in tariff fixation by 17 States and selection of 78 projects from 12 States. IREDA has
| |
| − | selected 78 project developers to set up 98 MW capacity projects. Power Purchase
| |
| − | Agreements (PPAs) have been signed by the project developers with the respective
| |
| − | State utilities. One year time has been given for commissioning of the projects. Many
| |
| − | project developers have selected their EPC contractors.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | For various off-grid applications of solar energy, using the capital subsidy
| |
| − | and/or interest IREDA has entered into umbrella refinance agreements with
| |
| − | NABARD, National Housing Bank and Central Bank of India to provide refinance
| |
| − | to the interested banks to enable them to offer loans to consumers at 5% annual
| |
| − | interest rate. 53 grid connected solar power projects of 797 MW capacity have been
| |
| − | identified which comprised 16 projects of 84 MW capacity selected in July, 2010 by
| |
| − | NVVN under the migration scheme at CERC tariff and 37 projects of 620 MW
| |
| − | capacity (7 projects of 470 MW of solar thermal and 30 projects of 150 MW of PV)
| |
| − | projects selected by NVVN through discounts on CERC tariff. Ministry has approved
| |
| − | new projects of 35 MW capacity under the SPV off-grid solar applications, against
| |
| − | a target of 32 MW for the year 2010.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==SOLAR THERMALAPPLICATION==
| |
| − | ===Solar Water Heating Systems===
| |
| − | Solar water heating is a very important system for reducing electricity consumption
| |
| − | by replacing electric geysers in domestic houses. This needs to be adopted in a very
| |
| − | big way. States are being encouraged to enact/issue necessary orders with model
| |
| − | regulations and building bye-laws for use of solar water heaters. 109 Municipal
| |
| − | Corporation/Municipal Committees in 21 States have amended their building byelaws
| |
| − | and several have even provided rebate in property tax and electricity bills for
| |
| − | installation of solar water heating systems.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | An energy labeling scheme similar to
| |
| − | the star rating scheme for air conditioners and refrigerators is also planned to
| |
| − | promote efficient solar water heaters. Efforts are also being made to promote solar
| |
| − | water establishments. Various user ministries such as Urban Development, Tourism,
| |
| − | Defence, Railways, Textiles, Health, Food Processing Industries, etc. have been
| |
| − | approached for adoption of solar water heating as part of the energy infrastructure
| |
| − | under their respective sectors. A total of about 10.0 lakh m2 of solar collector area
| |
| − | was installed in the year, 2010-11, taking the cumulative installation to about
| |
| − | 4.97million m2.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Solar Air Heating/Steam Generating Systems==
| |
| − | Solar Steam Generating Systems have found good application for air conditioning
| |
| − | also at places where conventional fuel is used to operate vapour absorption machines.
| |
| − | Specially designed and customized systems have been set up at a hospital in Thane
| |
| − | and a motorcycle manufacturing factory near Chennai. Solar air conditioning
| |
| − | systems using concentrating technology are efficient and require less space. During
| |
| − | 2010-11, six systems with collector area of around 600 sq.mtr were sanctioned.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Thirteen solar steam generating systems (including systems on solar cooling and
| |
| − | laundry/process heat applications) and 21 indoor community cookers covering
| |
| − | around 4000sq.m of dish area were sanctioned in 7 States. This is another area which
| |
| − | Ministry is promoting particularly for large cooking institutions—philanthropic,
| |
| − | religious, educational, hospitals and hotels. The Solar Steam Cooking system for
| |
| − | 20,000 people at Shirdi, Maharashtra is under operation successfully.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURALAPPLICATIONS==
| |
| − | ==Remote Village Electrification (RVE) Programme==
| |
| − | For providing basic lighting/electricity facilities through renewable energy sources
| |
| − | under Remote Village Electrification (RVE) Programme, special priority has been
| |
| − | accorded to villages affected by internal disturbances. During 2010-11, 1537 remote
| |
| − | villages and hamlets have been provided solar home-lighting systems under the
| |
| − | programme, taking the cumulative achievement to 8,104 remote villages and remote
| |
| − | hamlets.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==National Biogas and Manure Management Programme==
| |
| − | The programme of the Ministry mainly caters to setting up of family type biogas
| |
| − | plants for meeting the cooking energy needs as well as providing a means of enriched
| |
| − | organic biogas fertilizer in rural areas of the country and rural sanitation as well.
| |
| − | During the financial year 2010-11, 1,51,138 family type biogas plants were installed
| |
| − | across the country, taking the cumulative installations to over 44 lakh biogas fertilizer
| |
| − | plants, thereby providing the benefit of clean cooking and lighting fuel and organic
| |
| − | Biogas-fertilizer to 4.4 million rural households/farmers for not only sustaining
| |
| − | soil fertility but also to enhance crop productivity.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Ministry is also promoting bottling of biogas to demonstrate an Integrated
| |
| − | Technology-package in entrepreneurial mode on medium size (200-1000 (cum/day)
| |
| − | mixed feed biogas-fertilizer plants (BGFP) for generation, purification/enrichment,
| |
| − | bottling and piped distribution of biogas. Fifteen such projects with aggregated
| |
| − | capacity of 11,200 cubic metre per day have been sanctioned in the States of Bihar,
| |
| − | Chattisgarh, Gurajat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Punjab, Rajasthan upto
| |
| − | 31st March 2011.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Biogas Based Distributed/Grid Power Generation Programmes (BGFP)==
| |
| − | Biogas based power plants are a reliable decentralized power generation option in
| |
| − | the country, especially in the capacity range of 3 KW to 250 KW, to provide electricity
| |
| − | to individual/community/grid. The projects are taken up by any village level
| |
| − | organization, institution and private entrepreneurs in rural areas based on the
| |
| − | availability of large quantity of animal waste and other waste for generation of
| |
| − | electricity for individual/community/gird etc. on mutually agreeable terms. The
| |
| − | programme is being implemented through State Nodal Departments/Agencies of
| |
| − | the States/UTs districts. 358 nos. of projects with aggregated power generation
| |
| − | capacity of 6.75 MW having cumulative biogas generation capacity of 66,397 m3
| |
| − | have been sanctioned in 18 States of which 113 plants with aggregate capacity of
| |
| − | 1.27 MW have been commissioned upto March, 2011.
| |
| − | ==Biomass Gasifier==
| |
| − | The Ministry is taking forward electrification of villages in paddy growing areas
| |
| − | through gasification of rice husk. Rice husk based biomass gasification projects of
| |
| − | 32 Kw gasifier systems with 100 per cent producer gas engines in 50 village/hamlets
| |
| − | of East and West Champaran, Mazuffarpur districts of Bihar have been installed
| |
| − | which are providing off-grid power to villages of 500-700 households through each
| |
| − | system. The Projects are on Build, Own and Operate basis on a sustainable business
| |
| − | model.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Ministry has revised its scheme to facilitate such systems and greatly
| |
| − | upscale reach. Other companies and individuals are trying to replicate in other
| |
| − | districts of Bihar-Araria, Chhapra, Buxar, etc. This has great potential and will be a
| |
| − | major area of activity for the Ministry in next few years. Efforts will also be made to
| |
| − | power irrigation pumps in these areas. Efforts are on to install biomass gasifier
| |
| − | systems using pine needles, forest weeds such as lantana for generation of power in
| |
| − | hilly and forest area. Ministry is also pursuing setting up of small grid connected
| |
| − | power plant at the tail end of the grid linked with dedicated energy plantations on
| |
| − | degraded lands. Such projects would benefit the rural areas.
| |
| − | ==HYDRO POWER==
| |
| − | ===Micro Hydel===
| |
| − | In order to utilize the micro hydel resources in remote hilly areas, the Ministry
| |
| − | introduced a new scheme, with higher levels of subsidy for watermills and micro
| |
| − | hydel projects up to 100 kW capacity. Micro hydel projects in international border
| |
| − | districts have been given increased CFA of Rs. 1,00,000/- per kW.
| |
| − | Development/Upgradation of Water Mills
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 560 watermills have been set up/upgraded for mechanical/electrical output in the
| |
| − | States of Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and
| |
| − | Uttarakhand during the year. 2000 watermills and 56 micro hydel projects have
| |
| − | been sanctioned to the State of Jammu & Kashmir for meeting the mechanical and
| |
| − | electrical needs of rural communities.
| |
| − | ===Small Hydro Power (SHP)===
| |
| − | A total of 5718 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of 15,384 MW have so far
| |
| − | been identified in the country. A new, more attractive, scheme is in operation to
| |
| − | provide financial support to SHP projects, both in public and private sector including
| |
| − | support for renovation and modernization of old SHP projects, development of
| |
| − | watermills and micro hydel projects. So far, 821 small hydro projects aggregating to
| |
| − | 3,042 MW have been set up in various parts of the country. Out of this, 285 private
| |
| − | sector SHP projects with an aggregate capacity of 1,423 MW have been set up mainly
| |
| − | in Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab and
| |
| − | Uttarakhand.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | During the year 2011, 81 SHP projects aggregating to 307 MW capacities
| |
| − | were commissioned. In addition, 369 projects of 1192 MW are at various stages of
| |
| − | implementation. It is important that the hill states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
| |
| − | Kashmir and Uttarakhand take steps to quickly realize the small hydro potential as
| |
| − | these projects do not disturb the environment and have a short gestation period.
| |
| − | Renewable Energy for Urban Applications
| |
| − | ==Green Buildings==
| |
| − | Buildings are major consumers of energy in their construction, operation and
| |
| − | maintenance. Globally, about 40% of energy consumption is estimated to be in
| |
| − | building sector. At present, India is experiencing the heavy construction activities
| |
| − | in all spheres, thereby the energy demand is increasing rapidly. This is also due to
| |
| − | rapidly growing urbanization and the increasing affordability of the people.
| |
| − | A green building depletes the natural resources to a minimum during its
| |
| − | construction and operation, minimizes the demand on fossil fuel based energy,
| |
| − | maximizes the recycle, reuse, renewable energy and energy efficient devices &
| |
| − | appliances. Green buildings also use energy efficient equipments and fixtures,
| |
| − | efficient waste and water management practices. It has lower resource consumption
| |
| − | as compared to conventional buildings.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Ministry is promoting Green Building's construction in the country and
| |
| − | supporting GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Sustainable Habitat), a Green
| |
| − | building Rating System through some financial and promotional incentives based
| |
| − | on a scheme on "Energy Efficient Solar/Green Buildings" since February 2009.
| |
| − | Ministry has created ADARSH an independent registered society for
| |
| − | promotion and implementation of GRIHA rating system. Committee of Secretaries
| |
| − | has taken a decision that all new buildings of Central Government/Public Sector
| |
| − | Undertakings would be GRIHA rated buildings.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Ministry is also developing
| |
| − | guidelines and benchmarks for Green Large Area Developments. So far, 117 projects
| |
| − | have already been registered for GRIHA rating certification with 4.98 million sq. m
| |
| − | built up area out of which 81 projects are from Government Departments, Public
| |
| − | Sector Undertakings (PSU), Educational Institutions including All India Institutes
| |
| − | of Medical Sciences, with a total 3.38 million square meters built up area.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The focus is on capacity building through Awareness Programme and
| |
| − | Evaluators & Trainers Workshops for providing training to the Architects, Engineers,
| |
| − | Professionals and Officials from Central & State Governments and PSUs in which
| |
| − | 115 Trainers and 115 Evaluators have been trained who are further promoting green
| |
| − | buildings in the country. So far, 5 buildings, namely, Suzlon One Earth, Pune (5
| |
| − | star), Police Training School, Tasgaon (4 star), Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New
| |
| − | Delhi (3 star) and Hindustan Unilever Limited, Mumbai (2 star) have also been
| |
| − | rated under GRIHA. So far, GRIHA manuals containing a set of 5 volumes prepared
| |
| − | under MNRE project has been published.
| |
| − | ==Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes==
| |
| − | As per decision of Hon'ble Supreme Court, only five pilot projects for power
| |
| − | generation from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are to be provided financial support.
| |
| − | The Ministry has sanctioned 8 MW capacity MSW based project at Bangalore which
| |
| − | is under implementation and is likely to be commissioned in January 2012. A 16
| |
| − | MW capacity project at Okhla, New Delhi and 11 MW project at Hyderabad are
| |
| − | also likely to be completed early. One project of 12 MW capacity at Gazipur, New
| |
| − | Delhi and a 10 MW capacity at Pune are also under development. However, the
| |
| − | problem of segregation of waste remains the biggest barrier to upscale such projects.
| |
| − | ===Energy Recovery From Urban Waste===
| |
| − | A project of 1.2 MW capacity cattle dung based power project has been sanctioned
| |
| − | and is under installation at Pariyat, Jabalpur. Two projects of 4 MW each based on
| |
| − | agro wastes are under installation in Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur district of Punjab.
| |
| − | Projects for generation of 400 kW from cattle dung and agricultural waste at five
| |
| − | Gaushalas in Haryana are under development.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In view of the availability of large quantities of food and kitchen waste at
| |
| − | places of community cooking/large kitchens and eating joints, Ministry has initiated
| |
| − | a new project for biogas production from such waste under its modified scheme on
| |
| − | Special Area Demonstration Projects. Fifty per cent support is given for government
| |
| − | establishments and 25 per cent for private establishments under the scheme.
| |
| − | ==Renewable Energy Application in Industry==
| |
| − | These include energy recovery and power generation from industrial wastes and
| |
| − | biomass co-generation (non-bagasse) in industries.
| |
| − | ==Energy Recovery and Power Generation from Industrial Wastes==
| |
| − | 22 industrial waste-to-energy projects with a total capacity of about 31.2 MW were
| |
| − | completed during 2010-11. These include one grid connected poultry litter based
| |
| − | project 7.5 MW capacity in Andhra Pradesh, 12 projects of 5.7 MW capacity based
| |
| − | on biogas in maize/sagostarch, industry waste in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Chhatigarh
| |
| − | and Uttarkhand, 6 biogas based projects of 14.50 MW capacity in distrilleries in the
| |
| − | States of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan, one project based on mix of press
| |
| − | mud, fruit & vegetable waste in Maharashtra, one project in paper mill in Punjab
| |
| − | and one project in palm fruit based project in Andhra Pradesh. Fifteen industrial
| |
| − | waste-to- energy projects with a total capacity of about 20 MW in starch industries,
| |
| − | distilleries and poultry are under installation in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
| |
| − | Kanataka and Uttar Pradesh.
| |
| − | ==Biomass Energy and Cogeneration (Non-Bagasse) in Industry==
| |
| − | In order to generate process steam and power from biomass for captive consumption,
| |
| − | a total of 26 biomass co-generation projects with a total capacity of about 80.7 MW
| |
| − | were completed during the year 2010-11. These include projects in paper and rice
| |
| − | mills, solvent extraction plants, and brewery, food and tyre industries. In addition
| |
| − | to the above, 11 projects with an aggregate capacity of about 31 MW capacity are
| |
| − | under installation in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil
| |
| − | Nadu. There is a huge potential of cogeneration in bigger rice mills producing
| |
| − | parboiled rice. A rice mill of one tonne per hour capacity can save about 25,000 litre
| |
| − | diesel in a year. The Ministry is trying to take this up as a mission mode in Haryana,
| |
| − | Punjab, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
| |
| − | ==Biomass Gasifier Systems==
| |
| − | About 120 rice mills have installed biomass gasifier systems retrofitted with diesel
| |
| − | generator using rice husk for meeting their captive power needs in Bihar, Uttar
| |
| − | Pradesh and West Bengal. In addition, many gasifier systems have been installed
| |
| − | for meeting captive power and thermal application in other industries such as
| |
| − | bakeries, food processing industries, die-casting, etc.
| |
| − | ==Biomass Power/Bagasse Cogeneration==
| |
| − | During 2010-11, biomass power/bagasse cogeneration capacity addition of 465 MW
| |
| − | (143 MW biomass projects and 322 MW bagasse cogeneration projects) was achieved
| |
| − | in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
| |
| − | Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The cumulative biomass power/ bagasse
| |
| − | cogeneration based power capacity has reached 2,665 MW, which comprises 997
| |
| − | MW of biomass power projects and 1668 MW of bagasse cogeneration projects.
| |
| − | Adoption of optimum cogeneration projects in cooperative/public sector sugar
| |
| − | mills by Independent Power Producers on BOOT basis has been adopted by
| |
| − | Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Punjab.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Govt. of Maharashtra under Urjakur
| |
| − | Trust initiative, Tamil Nadu Electricity Board and Sugarfed, Punjab are developing
| |
| − | cogeneration power projects at selected co-operative sugar mills under BOOT basis.
| |
| − | These three models will help to overcome the barriers of co-operative/Public Sector
| |
| − | sugar mills and have excellent potential for replicability in other sugar producing
| |
| − | States such as Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh.
| |
| − | ==WIND POWER==
| |
| − | ===Grid Interactive Wind Power===
| |
| − | The Wind Power Programme of the Ministry aims to catalyze commercialization of
| |
| − | both grid interactive and off-grid wind power. The programme includes wind power
| |
| − | generation; survey and assessment of wind resources; research & development;
| |
| − | demonstration and field-testing of various wind power generating devices. India
| |
| − | has a wind power potential of over 4,195 MW with 2% land availability in potential
| |
| − | areas for setting up wind farms. The Wind Resource Assessment Programme which
| |
| − | is being coordinated by the Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), Chennai
| |
| − | has so far covered 28 States and Union Territories. So far, 234 stations have been
| |
| − | found to have Wind power density in excess of 200 W/m2 at 50 m height and are
| |
| − | considered to be suitable for commercial wind power installations.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A total capacity of 14,550 MW has been established up to May 2011, mainly in
| |
| − | Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharahstra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan. Wind
| |
| − | electric generators of unit sizes between 225 kW and 2.50 MW have been deployed
| |
| − | across the country. During 2010-11, a capacity of 2,330 MW was added. India ranks
| |
| − | 5th in the world after USA, Spain, Germany and China. Wind Electric Generators
| |
| − | are being manufactured in the country by 18 manufacturers.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Government is promoting wind power development through fiscal and
| |
| − | financial incentives which includes concessions such as 80% accelerated depreciation,
| |
| − | concessional custom duty on certain items, excise duty exemption, sales tax
| |
| − | exemption, income tax exemption for 10 years on the profit, etc. In addition, most
| |
| − | states are offering preferential tariffs for electricity generated from wind power
| |
| − | projects which do not avail accelerated depreciation benefit.
| |
| − | ===Small Wind Energy and Hybrid Systems===
| |
| − | Small Wind Energy and Hybrid System was modified during the year to align it to
| |
| − | market mode with active involvement of manufacturers and beneficiaries. During
| |
| − | 2010-11, 6 manufacturing companies having a total of 11 models of small
| |
| − | aerogenerators were empanelled with Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET).
| |
| − | Systems with cumulative capacity of around 600 kW have been sanctioned so far,
| |
| − | mainly in the States of Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Punjab
| |
| − | and Sikkim. A pilot project of 45 kW wind-solar hybrid system has been sanctioned
| |
| − | during 2010-11 to C-WET to be commissioned and operated in grid-connected mode.
| |
| − | ==TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS==
| |
| − | The following specialized institutions function under the administrative control of
| |
| − | the Ministry:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Solar Energy Centre (SEC)===
| |
| − | Solar Energy Centre (SEC), a research and technology evaluation facility of the
| |
| − | Ministry, works on science and engineering aspects of solar energy technologies.
| |
| − | The Ministry is upgrading Solar Energy Centre as a centre of excellence under the
| |
| − | Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). Steps are being taken to upgrade
| |
| − | the building infrastructure of SEC, on the basis of energy efficient green building
| |
| − | design principles with incorporation of renewable energy and would be GRIHA
| |
| − | rated. The SEC has received NABL accreditation.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Centre continued its research activities for developing, testing and
| |
| − | certifying solar thermal and solar photovoltaic devices, systems and components.
| |
| − | It has been upgrading its testing equipment on a regular basis to meet national and
| |
| − | international standards. Few major activities undertaken by the Centre includedevelopment
| |
| − | of Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) parabolic dish technology for
| |
| − | steam generation, a modular central receiver concentrated solar power (CSP) plant
| |
| − | for decentralized power generation, Solar thermal test and evaluation facility
| |
| − | (STTEF) and installation of a state-of-the-art class 'A' Solar cell tester as well as
| |
| − | Spectral Response (SR) system, performance evaluation of solar lanterns, home
| |
| − | lighting systems, street lighting system, luminaries and charge controllers based on
| |
| − | Light Emitting Diode (LED) as well as Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), and design
| |
| − | & development of batteries for solar photovoltaic applications.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | SEC has developed a high efficiency solar thermal air conditioning system in
| |
| − | collaboration with Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI),
| |
| − | Durgapur, West Bengal and M/s Thermax Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, at its campus
| |
| − | with 50% financial support from the Ministry. This has cost effective high efficiency
| |
| − | cooling engine with COP of 1.7, indigenous components for vapor absorption
| |
| − | machine and medium temperature solar concentrating collectors with improved
| |
| − | efficiency including integration of the components to achieve consistent performance
| |
| − | of the system. This will be a landmark development in solar air conditioning
| |
| − | technology.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Work on development of secondary solar cells and modules was taken up for
| |
| − | making indigenous reference standards available to the manufacturers and users
| |
| − | continued in CEL, IACS and SEC related to fabrication of appropriate cells and
| |
| − | modules, calibration facilities and protocols. SEC continued to host visits of
| |
| − | researchers, students, officials and other dignitaries from the country and abroad
| |
| − | and the Scientists from laboratories in USA, UK, Japan and Germany visited SEC
| |
| − | research facility to develop interactive programmes.
| |
| − | ===Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)===
| |
| − | Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), Chennai is envisioned to serve as a
| |
| − | technical focal point of excellence to foster the development of wind energy in the
| |
| − | country. It is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of New and Renewable
| |
| − | Energy. C-WET comprises of five units, functionally organized as Research and
| |
| − | Development, Wind Resource Assessment; Wind Turbine Testing, Standards and
| |
| − | Certification, and Information, Training & Commercial services. It has its test beds
| |
| − | and experimental wind farm at Wind Turbine Research Station (WTRS), Kayathar,
| |
| − | Tuticorin District of Tamil Nadu.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Each unit has a charter that fulfills overall objectives set for C-WET. The
| |
| − | functioning of each unit is so organized that while keeping the independence at the
| |
| − | operational level intact, they supplement and complement each other's activities to
| |
| − | give holistic solutions to stakeholder.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l A wind energy forecasting project for a 600 kW experimental wind turbine
| |
| − | which was taken up earlier by C-WET is at the verge of closure and results
| |
| − | are being analyzed.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l Renewal of Provisional Type Certification of three wind turbine models
| |
| − | was completed. In addition one certification project has been completed.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | l Preparation of Indian Wind Atlas in association with Riso National
| |
| − | Laboratory, Denmark using micro and meso scale models, and wind
| |
| − | resource assessment studies at different locations, has been completed and
| |
| − | the book has been published.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy (SSS-NIRE)===
| |
| − | The establishment of this Institute is in its final stages. All the sanctioned posts (10
| |
| − | nos.) of the Institute have been filled up. Work for setting up of various biomass
| |
| − | laboratories for R&D purposes and testing is in progress. The R & D activities have
| |
| − | been initiated.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Financial Institution-Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)===
| |
| − | Loans aggregating about Rs 3126.42 crore were sanctioned during the year 2010-11
| |
| − | compared to Rs 1823.91 crore in FY 2009-10. The loan sanctions would lead to the
| |
| − | establishment of power projects of 639 MW capacity compared to the previous year
| |
| − | capacity addition of 402 MW. The actual disbursements in 2010-11 were Rs 1224.17
| |
| − | crore compared to Rs 890. 03 crore in FY 2009-10. The cumulative sanctions and
| |
| − | disbursements were Rs 15305.91 crore and Rs 7,868.25 crore respectively.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | IREDA has been upgraded by the Ministry upon the recommendations of
| |
| − | Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public
| |
| − | Enterprises from Schedule "C" Company to Schedule "B" Company.
| |
| − | ===Research & Development and New Technologies===
| |
| − | Research & Development efforts of the Ministry are focused to lead to improvement
| |
| − | of efficiency, cost reduction, reliability, durability of the new and renewable energy
| |
| − | devices and systems. During the year 2010-11, 22 nos. of R&D projects have been
| |
| − | recommended for approval. These projects include 13 nos of RD&D projects in
| |
| − | technology demonstration of biogas and strengthening Test Centres of improved
| |
| − | biomass cookstoves and demonstration of improved cookstoves and 7 projects in
| |
| − | biofuel.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The projects taken up include advanced research and demonstration of
| |
| − | higher efficiency solar cells, solar cells, solar thermal power generation, advance
| |
| − | research in biomass energy including development of specifications, test protocols
| |
| − | and standards of biomass energy system, hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells
| |
| − | development, development and deployment of improved biomass cookstoves, etc.
| |
| − | ==INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION==
| |
| − | International co-operation activities on development and deployment of new and
| |
| − | renewable energy technologies were actively pursued on bilateral and multilateral
| |
| − | platforms. The major activities included Minister level bilateral discussions with
| |
| − | dignitaries from Australia, European Commission for Climate Action, Islamic
| |
| − | Republic of Iran, Bangladesh, Norway, U.K., Denmark, Uruguay and Iceland.
| |
| − | Interactions with multilateral organizations, i.e., National Renewable Energy
| |
| − | Laboratory (NREL), USA, UNIDO International Solar Energy Centre (ISEC), Gansu,
| |
| − | ETP Expert, discussions with Spain on policy experience in the context of newly
| |
| − | launched National Solar Mission (NSM) and bilateral discussions about enhancing
| |
| − | cooperation with Spain in the field of Renewable Energy as a follow up of the MoU
| |
| − | signed by the two countries.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on 19th May, 2010
| |
| − | between Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and Sweden for
| |
| − | cooperation in the field of Renewable Energy.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Delhi International Renewable Energy Conference 2010 (DIREC) with the aim
| |
| − | of up-scaling and mainstreaming renewals for energy security climate change and
| |
| − | economic development was held in October, 2010 which was attended by Ministers
| |
| − | and Government Representatives from 71 countries. During the sidelines of the
| |
| − | above Conference, 24 bilateral meetings/call on meetings took place with the
| |
| − | Minister of New and Renewable Energy. The Conference adopted a political
| |
| − | declaration. All the participating countries welcomed the Delhi International Action
| |
| − | Programme that encourages governments, international organizations, private
| |
| − | companies, industry associations, and civil society organizations to take voluntary
| |
| − | action for up-scaling renewable energy within their jurisdiction or spheres of
| |
| − | responsibility.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Table====
| |
| − | Details of estimated renewable energy and cumulative achievements under different
| |
| − | programmes as on 31 March, 2010 are given in the following table.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Sl. No. Programmes/Systems Estimated Achievement Cumulative
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Potential during( 2010-11) Achievement
| |
| − |
| |
| − | I Power From Renewables
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Grid-Interactive renewable power
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Biomass Power (Agro residues &
| |
| − | Plantations) 16,881 143.50 MW 997.10 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Wind Power 45,195 2330.00 MW 14155 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Small Hydro Power (up to 25 MW) 15,000 307.21 MW 3042.63 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Cogeneration-bagasse 5,000 321.50 MW 1667.53 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Waste to Energy (Urban & Industrial) 2,700 7.50 MW 72.46 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Solar Power 50 MW/sq. km 26.59 MW 37.66 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Total 3136.30 MW 19972.38 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | B
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Off-Grid/Distributed Renewable Power
| |
| − | including Captive/CHP Plants
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Biomass/Cogeneration (non-Bagasse) 80.73 MW 301.61 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Biomass Gasifier 10.73 MWeq 131.81 MWeq
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Energy Recovery from Waste 23.70 MWeq 70.42 Meq
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Solar PV Power Plants 4.28 MWp 8.16 MWp
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Aero-generator Hybrid Systems 177.00 kW 1.25 MW
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Total 119.617 MWeq 513.25 MWeq
| |
| − |
| |
| − | II
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Family Type Biogas Plants (nos.) 120 lakh 1.51 lakh 44.04 lakh
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Solar Photovoltaic Systems
| |
| − |
| |
| − | i. Street Lighting Systems (nos.) 26,472 1,82,200
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ii. Home Lighting Systems (nos.) 1,13,817 7,33,245
| |
| − |
| |
| − | iii. Solar Lanterns (nos). 18,224 8,31,604
| |
| − |
| |
| − | iv. Solar photovoltaic Pumps (nos). 106 7,334
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 14 Solar Thermal Programme
| |
| − |
| |
| − | i. Solar Water Heating systems -
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Collector area (m2) 140 million 1.00 million sq.m. 4.47 million sq.m.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | III Remote Village Electrification - 1,537 villages 8,104 villages
| |
| − | & hamlets & hamlets
| |
| − |
| |
| − | IV Other Programmes
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Energy Parks 3 nos 514
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Aditya Solar Shops 9 nos 302
| |
| − |
| |
| − | MWeq = MegaWatt equivalent ; MW = Magawatt; KWp=KiloWatt Peak; sq.m.=Square Metre
| |
ENERGY is an essential input for economic development and improving the quality
of life. Development of conventional forms of energy for meeting the growing energy
needs of society at a reasonable cost is the responsibility of the Government.
Development and promotion of non-conventional/alternate/new and renewable
sources of energy such as solar, wind and bio-energy, etc., are also getting sustained
attention. Nuclear energy development is being geared up to contribute significantly
to the overall energy availability in the country.
