Jyotirling(a)

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=Bhimashankar Jyotirling(a)=
 
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==Located in Maharashtra or Assam?==

 
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[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-location-of-shivas-pillars-has-become-so-controversial/articleshow/98226512.cms  Devdutt Pattanaik, February 25, 2023: ''The Times of India'']
 
  
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[[File: The Gudimallam linga near Tirupati is perhaps one of the oldest images of Shiva in human form.jpg|The Gudimallam linga near Tirupati is perhaps one of the oldest images of Shiva in human form <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-location-of-shivas-pillars-has-become-so-controversial/articleshow/98226512.cms  Devdutt Pattanaik, February 25, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
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Until recently, most people believed that Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga is located in Maharashtra. But then the Assam government declared the jyotirlinga is located near Guwahati, at the hillstream of Bhimeshwar Dham, creating confusion.
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Similar controversies are found with the Ramayana. After firmly establishing Ayodhya as the birthplace of Rama, right-wing leaders are desperately trying to locate all sites linked to Ramayana ‘history’. This proves a problem.  
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=Jyotirlinga=
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The Jyotirlingas are believed to be manifestations of Lord Shiva's power. They are said to have been created by Lord Shiva himself to destroy evil and protect the world. Pilgrims who visit the Jyotirlingas are said to be blessed with good fortune and spiritual enlightenment.
  
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For example, where would be the birth place of Hanuman? There are places in Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh making that claim. The resolution will take place not through the understanding of scriptures, which is often vague and even contradictory, but through political force. This is what happens when mythology is assumed to be history.
 
  
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''' Emergence of Shiva '''
 
  
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Hindus believe that, at the dawn of time, Shiva appeared in the world in the form of a fiery pillar (jyotir-linga). This pillar had no beginning or end. Brahma, who claimed he had created the world, searched for its tip in the form of a swan, while Vishnu who said he preserved the world, searched for its base in the form of a boar. Both failed.  
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=The 12 Jyotirlingas=
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This poem mentions the 12 jyotirlings and their location.
  
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Vishnu admitted his defeat. But Brahma lied and claimed he had found the top of the pillar and showed a flower that he claimed he had found there. At that moment, a being emerged from the pillar and identified himself as Shiva. He said that he has no beginning or end. So, Brahma’s claim was false, and that is how Brahma became unworthy of worship.
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सौराष्ट्रे सोमनाथं च श्रीशैले मल्लिकार्जुनम्।
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उज्जयिन्यां महाकालम्ॐकारममलेश्वरम्॥१॥
  
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Vishnu’s honesty made him worthy of worship. But most venerable was Shiva himself, the being who embodied the infinite pillar of fire. This concept of Hindu trinity, so familiar today, was a revolutionary one. Not found in Veda, it eclipsed the popularity of Buddhism.
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परल्यां वैद्यनाथं च डाकिन्यां भीमाशंकरम्।
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सेतुबंधे तु रामेशं नागेशं दारुकावने॥२॥
  
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The earliest Shiva’s stories are found in Ramayana and Mahabharata, indicating that the idea of Shiva was gaining popularity two thousand years ago. But this story of the pillar of fire comes to us from the Puranas that began to be composed from about 500CE. This is at least one thousand years after the Vedic period (1500BCE to 500BCE) by conservative estimates.
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वाराणस्यां तु विश्वेशं त्र्यंबकं गौतमीतटे।
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हिमालये तु केदारम् घुश्मेशं च शिवालये॥३॥
  
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In the Yajur Veda, there are many hymns to a fierce god called Rudra, father of Maruts, who is identified with the Shiva of the Puranas. But while the Vedic Rudra is a wild god linked to cattle, he is not linked to Mount Kailasa, Parvati or Ganesha, the Shiva that we are familiar with now.
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एतानि ज्योतिर्लिङ्गानि सायं प्रातः पठेन्नरः।
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सप्तजन्मकृतं पापं स्मरणेन विनश्यति॥४॥
  
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Puranas indicate a later form of Hinduism — the transformation from fire-based Vedic rituals to water-pouring temple rituals. This transition happened as Vedic Brahmins responded to Buddhism and Jainism by embracing folk gods, rituals and beliefs. 
Here Shiva is not only mighty, he is also married. Marriage is key as it is in direct opposition to monasticism. It was the weapon of the Brahmins against the Buddhists. While Buddha shunned marriage, Shiva chose marriage. 

 
  
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But the story of the limitless pillar of fire is not about marriage. It is about power. Brahma, humbled by Shiva, decides to control Shiva by ensuring his marriage, first to Sati, and then to Parvati. Thus marriage controls the mighty Shiva.
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[Anon/ All about 12 Jyotirlinga Temples in India/ Times Travel Editor/TRAVEL TRENDS, INDIA/  Jun 24, 2019/ ''India Times- The Times of India'']
  
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As per a famous Sanskrit mantra attributed to Adi Shankaracharya, who lived in 8th century CE i.e. 1,200 years ago, Shiva appeared as this pillar, in 12 spots across India. They are known as the 12 jyotirlingas. The locations of some of these are fairly standard; some are controversial.  
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It is said that there are 64 Jyotirlingas but 12 of these are of utmost importance. Here let’s check out the important jyotirlingas temple in the country.
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==Omkareshwar in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh==
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Fourth in line, Omkareshwar temple in Khandwa is one of the most revered places in India dedicated to Lord Shiva. Set on an island named Mandhata or Shivapuri by the Narmada River, the shape of the lingam here looks like ‘Om’. The place features two main Shiva Temples, one is Omkareshwar and the other is Amareshwar.
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==Somnath Temple, Gujarat==
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Located in Veraval, Somnath Temple is considered one of the most famous and revered Shiva shrines in the world as it is believed to be the first among the twelve jyotirlinga. There are a number of legends and stories associated with the temple and one among them is the story of Moon (Som) God. It is said that once moon lost it shine and lustre because of a curse. To get rid of the curse, he bathed here and got the lustre back. Since then, it’s called Somnath, meaning the ‘lord of the moon’.
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==Mallikarjuna in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh==
  
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The standard ones are Kedarnath in Uttarakhand, Kashi Vishwanath in Uttar Pradesh, Mallikarjun in Andhra Pradesh, Somnath in Gujarat, Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra and Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu. The controversial ones are Nageshwarnath and Vaidyanath. Nageshwarnath has been identified in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Uttarakhand. Vaidyanath has been located in Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Himachal. Now comes the new controversy of locating Bhimashankar not just in Maharashtra, but also in Assam.
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The second in line is Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Temple in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh. The jyotirlinga here is named after Mallikarjuna Swamy. Legend has it that Shiva and Parvati came here to meet their angry elder son Kartikeya because his younger brother Ganesha was getting married before him. The mammoth fort like temple features Mallikarjuna Swamy and Bharmaramba Devi as its main deities.
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==Mahakaleswar in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh==
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A temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain is third in line. Set on the banks of Rudra Sagar lake, the lingam here is consider to be Swayambhu and it derives its powers from Shakti within. The temple features more than a hundred little shrines within the temple complex and remains crowded on most of the days.
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==Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga, Tamil Nadu==
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It’s located in the southernmost of all the 12 Jyotirlingas, in the island of Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu. Popularly known for its architecture, Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga is closely associated with Lord Ram’s victorious return from Sri Lanka. As per legends, while Lord Ram was on his way to Sri Lanka, he took a halt at Rameshwaram and was drinking water on the seashore. Just then, there was a celestial edict, which stated “You are drinking water without worshipping me”. Hearing this, Lord Ram made a linga of sand, worshipped it and sought blessings to defeat Ravana. Lord Shiva gave him his blessings and then turned into a Jyotirlinga, which is now known as Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga.
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==Kedarnath in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand==
  
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No one wonders why there are no jyotirlingas in Rajasthan, Kashmir, Odisha, Meghalaya, Tripura, Goa, Karnataka, or Kerala, even though Shiva is worshipped in almost all villages in India. These kinds of logical questions are usually avoided by politicians. 

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Next Jyotirlinga temple in India is Kedarnath in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand. This is one of the main Shiva temples and is considered quite revered. Devotees from across the country visit here to pray to the lord which is definitely a difficult journey. It is also a prime Chardham Yatra destination and remains close for six months due to extreme weather conditions.
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==Bhimashankar in Maharashtra==
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Bhimashankar in Maharashtra is around 100 km from Pune, situated on the hills of Sahyadri Range. The temple here enjoys gorgeous location and is a trekker’s paradise. This is also the place from where one of largest tributaries of Krishna River originates, called the Bhima River. Here you can also see Buddha style carvings of Amba-Ambika in the surroundings.
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==Vishwanath in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh==
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Situate on the banks of the holy river Ganga, Vishwanath Temple is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, which is considered the holiest. Vishveshvara, meaning Ruler of The Universe, the temple finds its mention in ancient Hindu scriptures. People from all over the world come here for darshan of Mahadev (another name of Lord Shiva).
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==Trimbakeshwar in Nashik, Maharashtra==
  
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''' Favourite of kings '''
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Located on the banks of river Godavari, Trimbakeshwar or Tryambakeshwar in Nashik is one of the ancient Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. Nashik is also one of the four cities where holy Kumbha takes place every 12 years. There is also a Kusavarta, a holy kunda (sacred pond) inside the temple whose source of water is the Godavari River, which is also famous for being the longest river in peninsular India.
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==Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga, Aurangabad==
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This is located 20 km from Daulatabad, near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga is also popular because of its location, as it is near the famous tourist hotspot, i.e., Ajanta and Ellora caves. Legend has it that there once lived a very religious woman, named kusuma, who was a firm believer of Lord Shiva. She used to immerse Shiva’s lingam in a tank daily as part of her daily prayer. However, her husband’s second wife got jealous of her devotion and respect in the society. And in a fit of rage, she killed Kusuma’s son. Kusuma was heartbroken and depressed, yet she continued worshipped Lord Shiva. It is believed that when she immersed the lingan into the tank, i.e., after her son’s death, he became alive miraculously again. It is also believed that Shiva appeared before Kusuma and the villages at that time. And on Kusuma’s request, Shiva manifested Himself at that very site, in the form of Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga.
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==Vaidyanath or Baijnath in Deogarh, Jharkhand==
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Now this is one disputed jyotirlinga temples in India considering there are three destinations in the country whose natives claim that the jyotirlinga is there. These are Vaidyanath in Deogarh, Jharkhand, Baijnath in Himachal Pradesh and Parli Vaijnath in Maharashtra. Also known as Baba Dham, devotees from all over come here to pour jal over Shivalinga here during the Hindu moth of savan every year.
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==Nageshvara in Dwarka, Gujarat==
  
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The oldest image of Shiva in human form is tough to identify. That Shiva was worshipped in Harappan cities is more wishful speculation, than proven fact. It is perhaps the Gudimallam linga image from Andhra region, near Tirupati, dated to the Satavahana period (100BCE to 100CE), or an image from a Northwest Indian coin of the Kushan period (200 CE) showing a man with three heads, and a trident. Both these images do not show Shakti. The deity is independent and masculine. Gudimallam-linga is prominent and shows a mighty hunter with a weapon in one hand and his kill, a ram, in the other.  
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Around 18 km from Dwarka in Gujarat, is the Nageshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. This temple also finds its mention in Shiva Purana and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. It is mentioned in the text that Shiva in Nageshwar form (meaning body full of serpants) once defeated a demon called Daruka and his army to rescue one of his ardent devotees named Supriya. Since then, it is called the Nageshwar Temple.
  
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Shiva’s mainstream popularity owes greatly to the Pashupata cult organised by Lakulish who offered to invoke Shiva and enhance the power and prestige of kings. This idea appealed to many kings not just in India but also in Southeast Asia. This explains the presence of Shiva-ling and images of Shiva in My Son temple complex in Vietnam, Prambanan in Indonesia and Angkor Wat in Cambodia as early as 5th century CE.
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= The other 52 Jyotirlingas=
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The names of the other 52 Jyotirlingas are not as well known. [Several searches made by Indpaedia.com, including through AI, yielded no results.] However, they are still considered to be sacred by Hindus. Some of the other Jyotirlingas are located in the following places:
  
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Gupta kings had favoured Vishnu in the form of a wild boar (varaha), but kings who rose after the fall of Gupta empire seemed to have preferred Shiva. By the 7th century, Shiva was being invoked by Chavda kings of Rajasthan, Kesari kings of Odisha, Kalchuris of Maharashtra, Pallavas and Cholas of Tamil Nadu and Chalukyas of Karnataka.
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This was when the earliest Hindu temples were being built, mostly dedicated to Shiva. These kings sponsored grand ‘Kailasa’ temples in places like Elephanta near Mumbai, Ellora near Aurangabad, Mogalrajapuram near Vijayawada, Kailasanathar temple in Kanchi, Parashurameshvara temple in Bhubaneshwar.
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In these early Shiva temples (many caves, many rock cut and a few free standing) the fabulous stories of Shiva was a way of displaying royal power. It was a departure from the still serene images of Buddha that had been popular since 100BCE. Shiva images evoked power.
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A king, like Shiva, could control the waters of the Ganga. Like Shiva, the king could destroy demons like Tripura and Andhaka, and crush the pride of kings like Ravana and arrogant princes like Arjuna. Without his support, Ram could not rescue Sita and Pandavas could not be king.
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''' Shiva as political metaphor '''
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For those who are interested in looking at Shiva as a metaphor, we realise that by making Shiva emerge from an endless pillar, a statement is being made. Early Buddhist and Jain kings of India like Ashoka raised pillars to establish their royal authority. The Puranic story of Shiva declares that while regular kings can raise pillars of limited length, Shiva is greater than all kings as he can create a pillar that has no beginning or end.
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The Vishnu worshipping school of Hinduism similarly argued that Narasimha can emerge from a pillar and kill bad kings. One can say this idea of limitless pillar of fire was a political statement made by the Pashupata ascetics. This Shiva was a fiery pillar and surrounded by yoginis, who calmed him down.
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This may explain the open-roofed circular shrines of 64 yoginis found in many parts of Odisha and Madhya Pradesh, built around this time. Some say this idea was shared by Buddhists who saw Shiva’s fiery form as Heruka adorned with skulls and snakes.
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Kings who originally identified themselves as Shiva on earth, later preferred presenting themselves as servants of Shiva. They sought power from Shiva and offered the heads of enemies as gifts to Shiva’s wife, Shakti, who was also the fierce Chamundi and Durga.
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Over time, Shiva the single fiery warrior god was eclipsed by stories of the benevolent Shankara, the husband of Gauri, and a family man. Chamundi and Durga became more gentle like a queen. Their son, Kartikeya, was Shiva’s military arm. Their son, Ganesha, was his intellectual arm.
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Shiva continues to play a political role in modern times, especially with the rise of Hindutva or political Hinduism. So Shiva is shown with a six-pack abdomen like a bodybuilder, and every state wants to claim him. Modern gurus and mythological fiction writers even present Shiva as a historical figure who lived in Tibet thousands of years ago.
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In their imagination, Shiva is an alpha, a fearsome warrior, not Shiva the dancer or the family man. Right-wing politicians are clearly uncomfortable with a married, indulgent family man Shiva, and prefer him as the lone warrior, firm as a pillar of fire.
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Revision as of 17:46, 16 May 2023

This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.
Additional information may please be sent as messages to the Facebook
community, Indpaedia.com. All information used will be gratefully
acknowledged in your name.


This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.
Additional information may please be sent as messages to the Facebook
community, Indpaedia.com. All information used will be gratefully
acknowledged in your name.

Contents

Jyotirlinga

The Jyotirlingas are believed to be manifestations of Lord Shiva's power. They are said to have been created by Lord Shiva himself to destroy evil and protect the world. Pilgrims who visit the Jyotirlingas are said to be blessed with good fortune and spiritual enlightenment.


The 12 Jyotirlingas

This poem mentions the 12 jyotirlings and their location.

सौराष्ट्रे सोमनाथं च श्रीशैले मल्लिकार्जुनम्। उज्जयिन्यां महाकालम्ॐकारममलेश्वरम्॥१॥

परल्यां वैद्यनाथं च डाकिन्यां भीमाशंकरम्। सेतुबंधे तु रामेशं नागेशं दारुकावने॥२॥

वाराणस्यां तु विश्वेशं त्र्यंबकं गौतमीतटे। हिमालये तु केदारम् घुश्मेशं च शिवालये॥३॥

एतानि ज्योतिर्लिङ्गानि सायं प्रातः पठेन्नरः। सप्तजन्मकृतं पापं स्मरणेन विनश्यति॥४॥


[Anon/ All about 12 Jyotirlinga Temples in India/ Times Travel Editor/TRAVEL TRENDS, INDIA/ Jun 24, 2019/ India Times- The Times of India]

It is said that there are 64 Jyotirlingas but 12 of these are of utmost importance. Here let’s check out the important jyotirlingas temple in the country.

Omkareshwar in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh

Fourth in line, Omkareshwar temple in Khandwa is one of the most revered places in India dedicated to Lord Shiva. Set on an island named Mandhata or Shivapuri by the Narmada River, the shape of the lingam here looks like ‘Om’. The place features two main Shiva Temples, one is Omkareshwar and the other is Amareshwar.

Somnath Temple, Gujarat

Located in Veraval, Somnath Temple is considered one of the most famous and revered Shiva shrines in the world as it is believed to be the first among the twelve jyotirlinga. There are a number of legends and stories associated with the temple and one among them is the story of Moon (Som) God. It is said that once moon lost it shine and lustre because of a curse. To get rid of the curse, he bathed here and got the lustre back. Since then, it’s called Somnath, meaning the ‘lord of the moon’.

Mallikarjuna in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh

The second in line is Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Temple in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh. The jyotirlinga here is named after Mallikarjuna Swamy. Legend has it that Shiva and Parvati came here to meet their angry elder son Kartikeya because his younger brother Ganesha was getting married before him. The mammoth fort like temple features Mallikarjuna Swamy and Bharmaramba Devi as its main deities.

Mahakaleswar in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

A temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain is third in line. Set on the banks of Rudra Sagar lake, the lingam here is consider to be Swayambhu and it derives its powers from Shakti within. The temple features more than a hundred little shrines within the temple complex and remains crowded on most of the days.

Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga, Tamil Nadu

It’s located in the southernmost of all the 12 Jyotirlingas, in the island of Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu. Popularly known for its architecture, Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga is closely associated with Lord Ram’s victorious return from Sri Lanka. As per legends, while Lord Ram was on his way to Sri Lanka, he took a halt at Rameshwaram and was drinking water on the seashore. Just then, there was a celestial edict, which stated “You are drinking water without worshipping me”. Hearing this, Lord Ram made a linga of sand, worshipped it and sought blessings to defeat Ravana. Lord Shiva gave him his blessings and then turned into a Jyotirlinga, which is now known as Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga.

Kedarnath in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

Next Jyotirlinga temple in India is Kedarnath in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand. This is one of the main Shiva temples and is considered quite revered. Devotees from across the country visit here to pray to the lord which is definitely a difficult journey. It is also a prime Chardham Yatra destination and remains close for six months due to extreme weather conditions.

Bhimashankar in Maharashtra

Bhimashankar in Maharashtra is around 100 km from Pune, situated on the hills of Sahyadri Range. The temple here enjoys gorgeous location and is a trekker’s paradise. This is also the place from where one of largest tributaries of Krishna River originates, called the Bhima River. Here you can also see Buddha style carvings of Amba-Ambika in the surroundings.

Vishwanath in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Situate on the banks of the holy river Ganga, Vishwanath Temple is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, which is considered the holiest. Vishveshvara, meaning Ruler of The Universe, the temple finds its mention in ancient Hindu scriptures. People from all over the world come here for darshan of Mahadev (another name of Lord Shiva).

Trimbakeshwar in Nashik, Maharashtra

Located on the banks of river Godavari, Trimbakeshwar or Tryambakeshwar in Nashik is one of the ancient Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. Nashik is also one of the four cities where holy Kumbha takes place every 12 years. There is also a Kusavarta, a holy kunda (sacred pond) inside the temple whose source of water is the Godavari River, which is also famous for being the longest river in peninsular India.

Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga, Aurangabad

This is located 20 km from Daulatabad, near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga is also popular because of its location, as it is near the famous tourist hotspot, i.e., Ajanta and Ellora caves. Legend has it that there once lived a very religious woman, named kusuma, who was a firm believer of Lord Shiva. She used to immerse Shiva’s lingam in a tank daily as part of her daily prayer. However, her husband’s second wife got jealous of her devotion and respect in the society. And in a fit of rage, she killed Kusuma’s son. Kusuma was heartbroken and depressed, yet she continued worshipped Lord Shiva. It is believed that when she immersed the lingan into the tank, i.e., after her son’s death, he became alive miraculously again. It is also believed that Shiva appeared before Kusuma and the villages at that time. And on Kusuma’s request, Shiva manifested Himself at that very site, in the form of Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga.

Vaidyanath or Baijnath in Deogarh, Jharkhand

Now this is one disputed jyotirlinga temples in India considering there are three destinations in the country whose natives claim that the jyotirlinga is there. These are Vaidyanath in Deogarh, Jharkhand, Baijnath in Himachal Pradesh and Parli Vaijnath in Maharashtra. Also known as Baba Dham, devotees from all over come here to pour jal over Shivalinga here during the Hindu moth of savan every year.

Nageshvara in Dwarka, Gujarat

Around 18 km from Dwarka in Gujarat, is the Nageshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. This temple also finds its mention in Shiva Purana and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. It is mentioned in the text that Shiva in Nageshwar form (meaning body full of serpants) once defeated a demon called Daruka and his army to rescue one of his ardent devotees named Supriya. Since then, it is called the Nageshwar Temple.

The other 52 Jyotirlingas

The names of the other 52 Jyotirlingas are not as well known. [Several searches made by Indpaedia.com, including through AI, yielded no results.] However, they are still considered to be sacred by Hindus. Some of the other Jyotirlingas are located in the following places:

• Gujarat • • Rajasthan • • Madhya Pradesh • • Uttar Pradesh • • Bihar • • Jharkhand • • Chhattisgarh • • Odisha • • Andhra Pradesh • • Telangana • • Tamil Nadu • • Kerala • • Karnataka • • Maharashtra • • Goa • • Gujarat •

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