Latest revision as of 12:57, 13 April 2025

This page is under construction. Data will continue to be added over the next several years.

[edit] Average temperatures

[edit] Jan>Dec during a ‘typical’ year

Average temperatures in India, Jan>Dec, during a ‘typical’ year
From: April 20, 2021: The Times of India

See graphic:

Average temperatures in India, Jan>Dec, during a ‘typical’ year

[edit] Extreme weather days

[edit] 2024: March 1-June 9

/ Vishwa.Mohan/ The Times of India

and

/ Vishwa.Mohan/ The Times of India

The summer of 2024: India faced what was till then the longest ever spell of heatwave days These numbers were more than double of what these regions normally get in a year.

14 of 36 meteorological subdivisions in country recorded over 15 heatwave days. These subdivisions are spread across country, with east and north India the worst hit.

“This was expected and predicted in advance. In the year following an El Niño year (2023) we tend to g et more heatwaves. That is due to favourable atmospheric circulation for heatwaves,” said Madhavan Rajeevan, climate scientist and former secretary, ministry of earth sciences.

The Number of extreme weather days in 2024: March 1-June 9

27 Odisha

23 Rajasthan, western

21 West Bengal Gangetic

20 Chandigarh

20 Delhi (23 days, till 13 June)

20 Haryana

20 U.P. west

[edit] High altitude regions

Heatwave days reported in relatively cool high altitude regions

2024: March 1-June 9

12 Himachal

11Sikkim ,

6 J&K

2 Uttarakhand

[edit] Feb-April link: Do hot Februarys presage hot summers/ Aprils?

[edit] 1971-2024: no discernible link

Amit Bhattacharya, February 28, 2025: The Times of India

If February is warm, does April sizzle?
From: Amit Bhattacharya, February 28, 2025: The Times of India

New Delhi : Winter has ended early in north India and Feb in Delhi is set to be among the three warmest in the last 15 years. So, does the early conclusion of winter indicate a long and scorching summer ahead? Contrary to the general view, data from past years shows that a warm Feb doesn’t necessarily lead to a searing summer in north India.


TOI analysed monthly average maximum temperatures in north India since 1971 and picked the 10 warmest months of Feb during this period. In five of these years, the corresponding months of April were indeed warmer or significantly warmer than normal but in the other five, April temperatures were either close to normal (four years) or below normal (one year).


These two months were chosen for the analysis because Feb is the last month of winter in north India, while April marks the beginning of full-blown summer conditions in the region. March is usually a month of transition.


“There is no direct one-toone r elationship between temperatures in Feb and April. Temperatures in these two months depend on multiple factors, including largescale signals such as presence of El Ni no (or La Nina) and synoptic features such as the frequency, intensity and duration of western disturbances,” said Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, director-general of India Meteorological Department.


Trends in recent years exemplify the absence of a link between temperatures in Feb and April. In 2023, north India experienced record heat in Feb but April was cooler than normal. Feb that year was the warmest since 1901, with the average maximum temperature 3.5 degrees above the mean during 1971-2024. 
 However, April that year turned out to be the coolest in eight y ears, with average maximum temperatures nearly 1 degree below the mean during 1971-2024.


The reverse happened in 2022. April of that year in north India was the hottest on record, while temperatures in Feb were close to normal.


“In the y ears when a strong El Nino (or La Nina) prevails, there can be a link between temperatures in the two months. This year, however, we have a weak La Nina that’s not expected to influence temperatures,” Mohapatra said. Another factor that’s increasingly playing a role in making both months hotter in general is climate change. “The past couple of decades have been the warmest on record. So, because of climate change, the probability of any month being warmer than in the past is high,” said the chief of IMD, which is scheduled to release its forecast for the months of March, April and May soon.

[edit] Heat waves

[edit] Definitions

Heat wave conditions are when the maximum temperature in an area is four or more degrees above the normal temperature. (The Times of India)

Heatwaves are spells of unusually high temperatures as compared to what is normally expected over a region. Thus, temperatures at which heatwaves are declared differ from place to place based on the historical temperatures of that region.

A heatwave is declared when the maximum temperature of a weather station is at least

40°C in the plains

30°C in the hills (“hilly regions”)

37°C in coastal areas

and it is 4.5 to 6.4°C above the normal temperature. If it’s 6.5° or more above normal, a severe heatwave is declared. Also, heatwave is automatically considered if the temperature touches 45°C and a severe heatwave declared if it reaches 47°C

(From: Vishwa.Mohan/ The Times of India and Vishwa.Mohan/ The Times of India)

[edit] Highest temperatures

[edit] Assam

[edit] 1951-2024

Interestingly none of the temperatures in this section was recorded during what is traditionally called the summer in India

45.9° C at Gauhati University 20 Sep 2024

40.7 ° C within Guwahati city 20 Sep 2024

40° Celsius plus in 17 locations across 13 districts: 20 Sep 2024

The 20 Sep 2024 temperatures were “moderated” by IMD to below 40 ° Celsius.

40.6 ° C within Guwahati city April 24, 2014

[edit] The onset of summer

[edit] 2012-19: The first 30°C day of the year in Delhi

2012-19: The first 30 deg C day of the year in Delhi
From Amit Bhattacharya Mercury hits 30°C, breaks 26-day run of below-normal temperatures 19 Mar 2019 The Times of India

See graphic, '2012-19: The first 30°C day of the year in Delhi'

[edit] Highest minimum temperature

[edit] 21st century

34 degrees Celsius on 2018 June 13

33.3 degrees Celsius, on 2024 June 14; five degrees above normal, at Safdarjung, the city’s base station.

Other Delhi stations on 2024 June 14 recorded: Pitampura (35.7 degrees Celsius), Pusa (35), Raj Ghat (34), SPS Mayur Vihar (33.2), Jafarpur (32.4), Ayanagar (32.2) and Najafgarh (31.9).

‘Warm nights’: India Meteorological Department’s (IMD’s) definition: When the maximum temperature is above normal and the minimum is 4.5 degrees and more above normal temperature Priyangi.Agarwal, The Times of India

[edit] The first 30°C day of the year

[edit] Delhi: 2016-20

The first 30°C day of the year in Delhi, 2016-20
From: March 20, 2020: The Times of India

See graphic:

The first 30°C day of the year in Delhi, 2016-20

[edit] Warm summers

[edit] Delhi

[edit] 40°C plus temperatures

[edit] 2018-2023

40°C plus temperatures during the summer in Delhi, 2018-2023
Graphic courtesy: [ The Times of India, 21 June 2023]

40°C plus temperatures during the summer in Delhi, 2018-2023

See the graphic

[edit] REGION-WISE DETAILS

[edit] Churu

[edit] 2019, 30 May- 5 June

Ashish Mehta, June 6, 2019: The Times of India

Maximum temperatures in Churu, 30May- 5 June, 2019
From: Ashish Mehta, June 6, 2019: The Times of India

How does one wake up to a minimum temperature of 34 degrees Celsius, or plan the day when mornings, afternoons and evenings melt into one solid time block, seamlessly dissolving in each other under a burning, brutal sky? Life in Rajasthan’s Churu now is like living on the edge of a tandoor. The glow of the fire seemingly inches away from scalding the skin.

At 50.8 degrees Celsius + (recorded last Saturday) and 50.3 (last Monday), it was the hottest place in the world. And it’s driving people crazy. For more than a week now, the temperature has hovered around that point. Men and women have altered their work cycle, eating habits and even lifestyle to cope with the blistering heat. Nothing seems enough.

“What has added to our agony is the power cut that starts from 4am, when it’s already close to 35 degrees C,” said Radhey Sharma, a retired government employee at the Housing Board Colony in Churu.

“Thereafter, we go out and bring at least 10 kg of ice, which is like a regular grocery item these days, to put it in the water tank and air-coolers.” There’s a rush of people at the district hospital, all complaining of vomiting, diarrhoea, heat stroke and skin ailments. Leaves of doctors have been cancelled and the entire district is on high alert.

“At least 70 patients are admitted in various wards for different heat-related problems,” said Dr Goga Ram, principal medical officer, Churu government hospital. He doesn’t expect the footfall to recede in the days to come.

Not surprisingly, says another doctor, Churu’s people have quickly changed the way they eat. Chaach (butter milk), raw onion, curd and chapati have become some kind of a universal breakfast, with many skipping lunch altogether.

“During such weather, it’s better to fill oneself up with fluids,” explained the medical man. “The more you consume oily stuff and carbohydrates, the greater the chances of compounding health problems.”

Out on the road, it’s almost eerie. By 10.30am, when most of India is bustling, the streets start emptying out in Churu. Public places are deserted, there are few passengers at railway stations and bus stands, and taxi-wallahs are nowhere to be seen.

Farmers, those mostly out in the unforgiving sun, hit their fields at 4am. It’s the same pattern that’s followed in neighbouring Binasar, Poti, Satara, Jasrasar and Jaasasar. “We don’t have an option,” said Balram Chaudhary in Jasrasar village, 24 km away from Churu. “By 7 am, it’s already simmering.”

It is toughest for nomadic people like the Gadiya-Lohars, some of whom work as ironsmiths by the roadside. “We wear wet cloths,” said Manhori as she hammered away near a furnace.

On measures taken by the district administration, a senior officer said they are sprinkling water all around, urging people to drink more water and regularly assessing the situation at hospitals. There isn’t much anyone can do when it’s so hot that birds start falling off trees.

The temperature touched 47.3 degrees Celsiu + s. Some saw it as bit of a respite. “It is a temporary relief,” said an officer at the Churu Met office. He wasn’t trying to be funny.

[edit] Panaji

[edit] Warm Summers

[edit] Highest single-day maximum temperature

NIDA SAYED /Panaji logs third-highest maximum temperature for February in 55 years/ India Times- The Times of India / 14 Feb. 23

1969 to 2023: there were 14 days when the maximum temperature in Panaji was 38°C or higher

39.8°C : 1989 April 7 The highest maximum temperature recorded in Panaji

See also February weather in India

[edit] Uttarakhand

[edit] Warmest March- April

2222: March 1 -April 20: Temperatures have been settling at least 5-7 degrees above normal, in both the plains and hills.

2004 March, was when This last happened, though for a lesser duration, when temperatures remained above normal by 4-6°C for 15 days.

[edit] See also

January weather in India <> February weather in India <> March weather in India <> April weather in India <> May weather in India <> June weather in India <> Summers: India: statistics and trends that cover more than one month.<> July weather in India <> August weather in India <> September weather in India <> Monsoons: India: statistics and trends that cover more than one month.<> October weather in India <> November weather in India <> December weather in India <> Winter rains: India: statistics and trends that cover more than one month. <> Winters: India: statistics and trends that cover more than one month.