Shiv temples, Shivalayas

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Location of ancient Shiv shrines

2025 study by IIT-Roorkee

Tapan.Susheel, Sep 24, 2025: The Times of India

Roorkee : Eight ancient Shiva temples built before 1350 CE were located in zones with strong potential for water, energy and food productivity, a study conducted by IIT-Roorkee, in collaboration with Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Coimbatore) and Uppsala University (Sweden), said.

Researchers said 18.5% of the land area along the Shiva Shakti Aksha Rekha belt — where these temples are situated — could produce up to 44 million tonnes of rice annually and has the capacity to generate nearly 597GW of renewable energy, offering vital insights for India’s sustainability goals.


The eight temples — Kedarnath (Uttarakhand), Kaleshwaram (Telangana), Srisailam (Andhra Pradesh), Kalviyur, Rameshwaram, Chidambaram, Kanchipuram, and Thiruvannamalai (Tamil Nadu) — were found to be located in historically fertile regions with dependable rainfall and rich ecological balance. Researchers used Geographic Information System (GIS) geospatial analysis to overlay temple locations with topography, forest cover, rainfall, soil health and agriculture datasets. They combined remote sensing and literature surveys to identify natural patterns tied to sustainability.


The research, published in Humanities & Social Sciences Communications by Nature Portfolio, suggested that India’s ancient planning models — deeply interwoven with mythology and ecology — could serve as templates for contemporary development.