Sind River, 1908

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Sind River

This article has been extracted from THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA , 1908. OXFORD, AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.

Note: National, provincial and district boundaries have changed considerably since 1908. Typically, old states, ‘divisions’ and districts have been broken into smaller units, and many tahsils upgraded to districts. Some units have since been renamed. Therefore, this article is being posted mainly for its historical value.

One of the largest rivers of Central India, flowing in a north-easterly direction for 250 miles through the Agency, till it enters the United Provinces near Jagmanpur (26 24' N. and 79 12' E.), finally joining the Jumna about 10 miles farther north. The origin of the name is not known, but a river called the Sindhu is mentioned in the Vishnu Purana, together with the Dhasan, which is probably this stream. Cunningham wished to identify it with the Sindhu mentioned in Bbavabhuti's play of Malatl Madhava, taking the Para, Lavana or Lun, and Madhumati to be the Parvatl, Nun, and Mahuar, which are tributaries of this stream. Its nominal source is a tank 1,780 feet above sea-level, situated in the village of Nainwas (24 N. and 77 31' E.) in the Sironj pargana of Tonk State. It first flows for 20 miles through Tonk, being crossed by the Gtma-Bma section of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway near Pagara. The Sind then enters Gwalior, which it does not again quit during its course in the Agency, forming the boundary between that State and Datia during the more northern part of its course. For the first 130 miles the Sind is a stream of very moderate dimensions, but at Narwar it commences to widen and rapidly develops into a large river, It is fed by numerous affluents. The Parvatl and Mahuar join it, on its west and east banks, respectively, near Parwai ; 10 miles north of this place the Nun enters, close to the spot where the Agra-Jhansi branch of the Great Indian Peninsula Rail- way, and the Agra-Jhansi road, cross the river. The latter is served by a temporary wooden bridge during eight months of the year. The Saon and Besli enter 70 miles farther north, and the Kunwarl and Pahuj, two large streams, 22 miles above them. The Sind has a continuous stream during the whole year throughout most of its course ; but, owing to its high rocky banks, it is, as a rule, quite unsuited for irrigation purposes. In the rains it is apt to rise with great suddenness, often causing serious floods. Between Kolaras and Narwar the river flows through the most picturesque scenery, winding in and out among hills covered with thick tree-jungle down to the water's edge.